近几年的四级作文题基本上都是要求考生就某种现实现象或观点发表自己的看法，内容多是考生所熟悉的社会热点话题或大学生生活题材。写好四级作文有两个关键点：第一，根据英文的表达习惯来安排写作结构；第二，用自己熟悉的英文词汇、句式和句型正确地写出自己的观点和看法。因此，老师将按照起承转合的结构安排，为大家详细介绍一下写作中常用的重点关联词汇、短语、句式及句型，好为大家四级写作提供有用的素材。

　　(一)起

　　观点(现象性)：

　　1. When it comes to…, different people hold different views. Some argue that…, while others believe that…

　　2. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that…

　　3. Nowadays, it is generally believed that…, but I doubt whether…

　　4. As is known to all, …(谚语或名言). A case in point is that…

　　描述性：

　　1. One of the most serious problems our country is faced with nowadays is …

　　2. As we can easily see from the above graph, the figure of …has nearly decreased/increased …times, compared with…

　　3. From… to …, great changes have taken place in…

　　(二)承

　　1. 关联词语或重点词汇：

　　递进：

　　first, second, third…last; firstly, secondly, thirdly… finally; to begin with, what’s more, in the end; first of all, then, next, moreover, furthermore…, in the first place, in the second place, last but not least

　　举例：

　　show, exemplify, illustrate, prove, indicate, exhibit, demonstrate, for example, for instance, take …as an example, such as, like , a good case in point

　　因果：

　　cause, result in, lead to, produce, bring about, contribute to, based on, because, since, now that, therefore, thus, consequently, owing to, due to, through, because of, on account of, as a result, as a consequence

　　分类：

　　arrange in two/three categories, be classified into a number of groups, fall into the following kinds, be put into several groups, consist of

　　2. 句型及常用表达结构：

　　举例：

　　There are many examples to prove… Here I will cite just a few。

　　There is enough/convincing /sufficient evidence to prove that…

　　Just take …as an example。

　　The case effectively clarifies the fact that …

　　Though numerous examples can be given, this/these will be sufficient。

　　因果：

　　There are several reasons for…

　　The reason why …can be traced to…

　　The causes for …are as follows…

　　Therefore, we can draw/arrive at/reach/make the following conclusion…

　　There are many causes/reasons for…. Firstly, …, secondly, …, thirdly,…

　　…also contribute to the reason why…

　　分类：

　　…may be classified according to /on the basis of /depending on…

　　…may be divided into…

　　(三)转

　　转折：

　　but, however, yet, instead, whereas, otherwise, nevertheless, unfortunately

　　They may be right about …, but they seem to neglect the fact that…

　　对比：

　　just as, in comparison, like, similarly, likewise, correspondingly, similar to, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, unlike

　　There are some similarities/differences between…

　　We can compare …with …

　　…has something in common with…

　　By contrasting …and…

　　…has little common with…

　　Although it is widely accepted that …, it is unlikely to be true that…

　　(四)合

　　1. 关联词汇或重点词汇：

　　thus, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently; as a result/consequence, in conclusion, in general, generally speaking, by and large, on the whole, in a word, to sum up, in short/brief, briefly speaking

　　2. 句型及常用表达结构：

　　From discussions above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…

　　Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem。

　　Hence, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to stop/prevent…

　　I believe we can overcome the difficult through great efforts and we will have a brighter future of…

　　以上这些词汇、短语和句型对于考生来说都是相当有用的写作素材，希望考生在考前好好复习一下，以便在考试中能够运用自如。