1.香囊(scented sachet)，古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的 袋子，里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅 有用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它 们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶 图案象征男女之爱；莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性；松树和仙鹤 图案象征长寿；石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且 含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。

　　翻译：Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness。

　　2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不 可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要 本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。

　　翻译：Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts。

　　3.象棋(Chinese chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏，源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。 早期的象棋由三部分组成：棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子，它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长，共90个交叉点，构成方形网格 (grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。

　　翻译：Chinese chess is a two-player board game sprang from military strategies in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods. The early-stage Chinese chess consisted of three components:chess pieces，dice and board. There’s no dice in modem Chinese chess. And tiie game is dififerrait from its ancient counteipart in tenns of pieces and board.The board is 9 lines wide by 10 lines long, with a total of 90 crossing points.The grids formed are square. The pieces are placed and moved on the crossing points. The two players conduct a representational military battle on the board by deploying horses and chariots and organizing troops based on tbeir understanding of the layout of die game and the playing rules. Currently, Chinese chess has been introduced to the whole worid, giving a boost to the effort to carry on and develop traditional Chinese culture。

　　4.围棋是两位对弈者之间战略性的棋盘游戏(board game)。围棋已有 3000多年的历史，可以说是所有古代棋类游戏的起源。围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽的策略。这就是围棋的魅力所在。下一盘围棋的时间短至15分钟，长至数天。但是多数情况下，下一盘围棋需要一或两个小时。围棋是综合科学、艺术和竞赛的游戏。围棋对于智力发展、性格培养和灵活的策略学习非常有益。难怪围棋已经流行了几千年，并逐渐成为一项国际文化游戏。

　　翻译：Weiqi is a strategic board game between two players. With a history of over 3,000 years, the game can be regarded as the originator of all ancient chess games.The rules of Weiqi are very simple but there are countless variations of strategies.This is where the beauty of the game lies. The time for one round of weiqi can be as short as 15 minutes or as long as a few days. In most cases, though, it takes one or two hours to finish one round. Weiqi is a game that combines science, art and competition. It's beneficial for intelligence development, personality cultivation and flexible strategy learning. It's no wonder the game having been popular for thousands of years and is gradually becoming an international cultural game。

　　5.杂技(acrobatics)是展现高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力的表演。杂技常和广 泛使用体操技能的活动相联系，比如马戏(circus)、体操，但许多其他运动，如武术、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用杂技元素。吴桥是中国众所周知的杂技之乡。据说吴桥的所有居民，从学步孩童到白发老人，都多少会点杂技。年轻人在工作间隙练习杂技。许多家庭都有独特的技艺代代相传。中国乃至世界都有很多来自吴桥的杂技演员。中国杂技界有句话叫做：没有吴桥人不成杂技班。

　　翻译：Acrobatics is the performance that shows excellent skills of balance and action coordination. Acrobatics is most often associated with activities that make extensiye use of gymnastic skills, such as circus and gymnastics, but many other activities，such as wushu,ballet and diving may also adopt elements of acrobatics.Wuqiao is well known as the hometown of acrobatics in China. It is said that all residents in Wuqiao, from kids learning to walk to the old with grey some acrobatics. Young people practice the art during the breaks from work.Many families have their unique skills handed down through generations. There are acrobats from Wuqiao Aroughout China, even the world.As a Chinese acrobatics field, if you don't have an acrobat from Wuqiao, you can't have an acrobatics troupe。

　　6.中国菜举世闻名，而菜名更是诙谐有趣，妙趣横生，充满中国人的智慧。很多菜名用字典雅瑰丽，充满吉祥喜庆之气，诸如把豆苗(bean seedling)比作“龙须”，鸡蛋美名“芙蓉(Confederate rose)”或“凤凰”，鸡爪称“凤爪”，豆腐(tofu)叫成“白玉”，等。不少菜名豪华气派，美不可言，有种汤叫“珍珠玛瑙(agate)翡翠汤”，只是豆腐、番茄加青菜。一些含有祝贺或象征吉祥的菜名，如竹笋炒排骨是 “步步高升”。有些菜名采用的是成语，萝卜丝上放根红辣椒表示“踏雪寻梅”。

　　翻译：Chinese dishes are world-famous, and the dish names are humorous, interesting and full of wits, fully embodying the wisdom of Chinese people. Many dishes are named with elegant and magnificent characters and are full of auspicious and festive atmosphere. For example, the bean seedling is called “dragon beard”， egg is called “Confederate rose” or “phoenix”，chicken claw is called “phoenix talon”，tofu is called“white jade” and so on.Many dish names are in luxurious style and their beauty is beyond words. For example，there is a soup called “soup of pearl, agate and jade”，but its ingredients are only tofu, tomatoes and vegetables. Some dish names express congratulation or symbolize auspiciousness, such as pork ribs fried with bamboo shoots is called “higher and higher' Some dish names are idioms，such as turnip strips with a red pepper is called “looking for plum flowers while treading on the snow”。

　　7.景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的 “千年瓷都”。在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂(People's Porcelain Factory)专门生产青花瓷。景德镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一，素有“永不凋谢的青花”之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。

　　翻译：Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province，is famous for porcelain and is honored as “home of porcelain for thousands of years” in China. Among different types of porcelain produced in Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the most renowned. Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production. After new China was founded, People's Porcelain Factory was set up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelain specially. Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color and delicately decorated. It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in Jingdezhen, and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and white porcelain has been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by people around the world。

　　8.脸谱(facial makeup)是指中国传统戏剧—京剧里男演员脸部的彩色化妆。 它在色彩、形式和类型上有一定的格式。脸谱运用红色、黄色、白色、黑色、紫色、绿色和银色代表不同的人物性格。各角色的脸谱由油漆、粉和油彩画成，基 本形式是整脸、三块瓦脸(San Kuai Wa Lian)和碎脸。这些脸谱类型被广泛用于代 表将军、官员、英雄、神灵和鬼魅。通过眼睛和鼻子周围形状各异的白色小块， 可以辨别出丑角(Chou actors)。有时这些小块以黑色勾勒，常称小花脸。

　　翻译：Facial makeup refers to the colorful painting on the face of the actors in Peking Opera, which is a traditional Chinese opera. It has certain format in terms of color,design and type. Red，yellow，white，black，purple，green and silver are the main colors used for facial makeup to represent different characters. The facial designs for the roles are made by painting, powdering and coloring in the basic forms of Zheng Lzan(keeping the basic face pattern)，San Kuai Wa Lian(three-section face) and Sui Lian(fragmentary face).These types are widely used to represent generals,officials，heroes, gods and ghosts. The Chou (clown) actors can be recognized by the patch of white in various shapes painted around the eyes and nose. Sometimes these patches are outlined in black, often called Xiao Hua Lian(partly painted face)。

　　9.唐朝时期，人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln)，烧制出一种青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。青白瓷色彩晶莹，有“人造玉器”的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。当时，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎。 在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。因此，欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。

　　翻译：In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish white porcelain in Changnan. The bluish white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial jade, so it became famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amount. At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain,so porcelain from China，especially from Changnan，was warmly welcomed. In Europe，porcelain from Changnan was luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would make people feel very proud. In this way，Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china (porcelain) and the place of its production，China. Gradually, Europeans forgot the original meaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely“China”。

　　10.刺绣(embroidery)是中国艺术中一颗璀燦的明珠。从华丽的龙袍到今日的时装，刺绣为我们的文化和生活增添了许多乐趣。中国记载的最古老的刺绣可追溯至商朝。在当时，刺绣象征着社会地位。随着国民经济的发展，刺绣走进普通人的生活。对于足不出户的女子来说，刺绣是一种优雅的工作。想象一下，一位美丽的年轻女子在家刺绣：一针一线，她为爱人绣一对鸳鸯(mandarin duck)。寒冷的冬日，屋子里充满香气。多么美丽动人的画面啊！

　　翻译：Embroidery is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art. From the magnificent dragon robes worn by emperors to today's fashions, embroidery adds a great deal of pleasure to our culture and life. The oldest embroidery on record in China dates from the Shang Dynasty. Embroidery in this period symbolized social status. As the national economy developed, embroidery entered the life of the common people.Embroideiy was an elegant task for ladies who were forbidden to go out of their homes. Imagine a beautiful young lady embroidering at home:stitch by stitch, she ;embroiders a pair of mandarin ducks for her lover. It is a cold winter day and the room is filled with sweet smell. What a touching and beautiful picture!

　　11.中国是茶的故乡。唐代以前，中国茶叶通过陆路和水路出口，先是出口到日本和朝鲜，之后出口到印度和中亚。明清时期，出口到了阿拉伯半岛(Arabian Peninsula)。17世纪早期，中国茶叶出口到欧洲，自此，欧洲的上层阶级开始饮茶。 中国文化渗透着茶的精神，全国有很多种茶叶、茶馆、茶的传说、茶工艺品和饮茶习俗。杭州西湖以产上等绿茶著称；在云南等中国西南省份，少数民族受外国文化影响较小，原始茶产地仍然保留着饮茶仪式和习俗。

　　翻译：China is the hometown of tea. Before the Tang Dynasty, Chinese tea was exported by land and sea，first to Japan and Korea, then to India and Central Asia,and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, to the Arabian Peninsula. In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea was exported to Europe，where the upper class started to drink tea. Tea spirit permeates Chinese culture, and throughout the country there are many kinds of tea，teahouses, tea legends, tea artifacts and tea customs. The West Lake in Hangzhou is famous for its excellent green tea; and provinces in southwest China like Yunnan where flie ethnic groups were less affected by foreign cultures still keep tea ceremonies and customs in original tea-growing areas。

　　12.汉字(Chinese characters)是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是使用者最多的文 字。汉字多达6万个，但常用的基本汉字只有6000个左右。据权威专家估计，汉字有5000多年的历史，最初源于记录事情的图片。从古至今，从甲骨文(Jiaguwen) 到我们今天书写用的楷体(Kaiti)，汉字的形式和结构发生了很大改变。历史上， 汉字被朝鲜、日本、越南等国借鉴，因此也促进了国际交流。在现代，中国人民用 各种方法将汉字输人电脑，进行信息处理。事实证明，汉字充满了生机与活力。

　　翻译：The Chinese characters are one of the oldest characters in the world, and are used by the most users. Chinese characters are up to 60,000, but only about 6,000 basic ones are often used. As authorities estimate, Chinese characters have a history of over 5,000 years, and they originate from pictures for keeping records. From ancient to modern times, the forms and structures of Chinese characters have changed much, evolving from Jiaguwen (oracle bone script)， to Kaiti(regular script) we use now. In history, Chinese characters were borrowed by Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, thereby improving international communication. In modern times, Chinese people have by many means solved the problem of inputting Chinese characters into computers to serve information processing. It has been borne out that Chinese characters are full of vigor and vitality。

　　13.曲艺是指民谣、说书和相声等民间说唱艺术形式。作为中国古代的表演艺术，曲艺是不同表演类型的统称，表现形式为说、唱或二者兼有。作为独立的艺术，曲艺兴起于唐朝中期，繁荣于宋朝。曲艺深植于中国，分为三大类型、 400个曲种。三大类型是：说书、说唱艺术、笑话。说书既可以只用语言，也可以配乐。北方最典型的无伴奏类型是评书(Pingshu)。笑话最重要的形式是相声。说唱艺术似乎听众最多。在口音或音乐方面，每种类型都有强烈的地方色彩。

　　翻译：Quyi refers to folk vocal art forms such as ballad singing, story-telling and crosstalk. As an ancient performing art in China, quyi is a general term that covers several different types of performances in which speech, singing or both are used. As an independent art, it was formed in the middle Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Deeply taking root in China, the art is divided into three styles and subdivided into 400 parts. The three major styles are story-telling, story-singing, and joke-telling. Story-telling can be either words only, or words with music. One of the most representative non-music styles in the North is called Pingshu. The most important form of joke-telling is crosstalk. Story-singing seems to have the largest audience. Each style has a strong local flavor in either its accent or music。

　　14.24节气(24 solar terms)是统称，包括 12节气(12 major solar terms)和 12中气 (12 minor solar terms)，它们彼此之间相互关联。24节气反映了天气变化，指导农 业耕作，也影响着人们的生活。春秋战国时期，人们开始使用节气作为补充历法 (calendar)。公元前104年，24节气最终确立。众所周知，中国是个有着悠久农业发 展史的国家。农业生产受自然规律影响极大。在古代，农民根据太阳的运动安排 农业生产活动。24节气考虑到了太阳的位置，这就是我们重视它的原因。

　　翻译：The 24 solar terms is a whole name of the system that consists of 12 major solar terms and 12 minor solar teims linked with each other. It reflects the climate change, guides agriculture arrangements and also affects people's life. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people began to use solar terms as the supplementary calendar. It was in 104 B,C. that the 24 solar terms were finally set down. As we all know, China is a country with a long history of agriculture. Agricultural production is largely influenced by the laws of nature. In ancient times, farmers arranged their agricultural activities according to the move of : the sun. It is the fact that the 24 solar terms takes into account the position of the sun that makes us attach importance to it。

　　15.当来中国的游客发现一桌标准的8人晚宴有4道凉菜、4道热菜，并配以汤和米饭时，他们往往会感到惊讶。一桌标准的宴席(banquet)包括4~8道准备好的凉菜，8道热菜—每次只上1道热菜，以及2-4道观赏大菜(whole-sized showpiece dish)。同坐一张桌子的人互相敬酒时通常会“干杯(Gan Bei)”。“干杯”是指举起酒杯，将酒全部喝完，让玻璃杯或酒杯“连最后一滴也干了”。人们干杯时传递给别 人的信息是：自己是真诚、快乐的。向主人敬酒时，国人更愿意接受的方式是喝一小口而不是喝干整杯。

　　翻译：Visitors to China are often surprised when a standard dinner for a table of eight people consists of four courses of cold dishes and four courses of hot dishes,coupled with soup and steamed rice. A standard banquet consists of four to eight prepared cold dishes, eight hot dishes served one at a time, and two to four whole-sized showpiece dishes. People at a table usually “Gan Bei" when toasting to each other. “Gan Bei” means to raise one's wine glass and drink it all the way down so that the glass or cup is “dried up to the last drop”. People drink up their wine to communicate the message to others that they are sincere and joyful. It is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a sip instead of emptying the glass when toasting to his or her host。

　　16.中国结(Chinese knots)是中国传统的装饰结。它是中国特有的民间艺术。中国结是以其形状或者按照其寓意来命名的。中国结有许多不同的形状，最常见的有蝴蝶、花、鸟、龙、鱼等。在中国，“结”代表着团结、友爱、和平、婚姻和爱情等。中国结与中国人的日常生活紧密相关，表达了他们对更美好生活的企盼。兼具实用性和装饰性的中国结具有传统的雅致和不断变化的形式，它充分反映了 中国文化的魅力和精髓。

　　翻译：Traditional Chinese decorative knots, also known as Chinese knots, are typical folk arts of China. Chinese knots are named after their shapes or in accordance with what they suggest. There are many different shapes of Chinese knots, the most common being butterflies, flowers, birds, dragons, fish, etc. In China, “knot” means unity, friendship, peace, marriage, love, etc. Chinese knots are closely related to the everyday life of the Chinese people and express their wishes for a better life. So title Chinese knots, with their classic elegance and ever-changing variations, are both practical and ornamental, fully reflecting the grace and essence of Chinese culture。

　　17.中国功夫(Kung fo)是用于概括中国所有武术(martial arts)风格的常用术语。事实上汉语的“武术”是用来描述中国武述的确切传统术语。功夫介绍了各种形式的内外风格，包括徒手(bare hands)武术和武器武术。近来，中国功夫已实现了现代化，训练和竞赛标准体系都已经设立。作为战斗功能的补充，功夫已变成更运动、更具审美性、更有竞争力的体育形式。比起其他习武之人，也许李小龙更好地让西方世界的人对中国武术的精彩招式大开眼界，因此越来越多的外国人到中国旅游，学习功夫的奥秘。

　　翻译：Chinese Kung fu is a commonly used term for summarizing all the martial arts styles in China. In fact,wushu1 in Chinese is the exact traditional term used to describe Chinese martial arts. Kung fu describes external and internal styles of martial arts in numerous forms, including those using bare hands and weapons. Recently, Chinese Kung fu has been modernized. Training and competing standard systems have been set up. Complementing its fighting function, Kung fu has become a more athletic, aesthetic and competitive sport. Perhaps better than any other practitioner, Bruce Lee opened the eyes of the Western world to the fascinating practices of Chinese martial arts. Consequently, more and more foreigners are travelling to China for learning the mysteries of Kung fu。

　　18.“面子”是中国人际交往和商业往来中的典型现象。“面子”在汉语中没有专门的定义，和“名声”的概念相近。如果你不太熟悉中国文化，你应该了解一下“面 子”或“有面子”。如果你不给别人“留面子”，他们会认为你不尊重他们。中国人生 活的方方面面都有“面子”的影子。中国人不喜欢说“不”，因为他们想给双方“留面子”，因此他们会说“现在不太方便”、“太难了”或“可能吧”，但是不会对别人只说-个“不”字。

　　翻译：“Face”，or “mianzi,is an evident phenomenon of personal and business relationships in China. “Face” does not have specific definitions in Chinese. It is very similar to the notion of reputation. If you are not familiar with Chinese culture, 1 :you should know something about face or gaining face. If you do not “save face”for others, they will think that you do not respect them. It is easy to find “face” in all aspects of Chinese life. Chinese people dislike to say the word “no”，for they want 1 to “save face” for both parties, so they may say “it is inconvenient for me right now”，“it is too difficult” or “maybe”，instead of merely saying “no” to others。

　　19.中国人对龙的理解与西方人不一样。龙是帝王的象征。帝王的子孙被称为“龙 种”，帝王的用品也常常被加上“龙”字，如“龙袍”、“龙椅”等，连帝王的面色也被 称为“龙颜”。龙也是杰出人物的象征，汉语中有“卧虎藏龙”、“乘龙快婿”等。同时，龙也是一种祥瑞(auspicious)之物。因此，人们希望它能留在自己的家里，保佑自己家里一切平安，万事如意。每到舞龙灯(dragondance)的时节，人们会请人 到家里来舞一回。又因龙呈威猛之相，故也有龙舟(dragonboat)驱鬼辟邪的说法翻译：Chinese people's understanding of dragon is different from that of Westerners.Dragon is the symbol of emperors. The descendants of emperors are called “children of the dragon”. The objects used by emperors are also usually named with the word “dragon”，such as “dragon robes' “dragon chairs' Even the face of the emperor is called “dragon face”. Dragon also symbolizes outstanding people. In Chinese, there are “crouching tiger, hidden dragon”，“a proud son-in-law” and so on. Meanwhile, dragon is also an auspicious sign. Therefore, people hope that dragon can stay in their homes to bless family members, thus everyone can be healthy and everything can go well. When it comes to dragon dance time, people will invite performers to perform in their own homes. As dragon appears awe-inspiring and fierce, it is said that dragon boat can drive ghosts away and avoid the evil。

　　20.以行业论，外交家大概是废话最多之人，但他们受过专业训练，能把废话说的娓娓动听，似乎胸中颇有经纬，实则多半是绣花枕头草肚皮。职业外交家至近代渐趋落伍，恐与他们说废话太多不无关系。以人种分(根据看各国影片所获印象)，中国人并非说废话最多的民族，日本人和意大利人的长气最是吓人。以年龄分，似乎人越老说的废话越多，可能由于老人的不甘寂寞。以性别分，女性的废话无疑多于男性，则因她们的天赋思维方式重演绎而不重归纳，乃常抓不住要点所致。

　　翻译：Considering the profession,the diplomats are the people with the most nonsense words.However,they all reveived the professional training so that they can talk about the nonsense words in a beautiful way.Though looking like an expert,most of them have nothing meaningful in mind.The professional diplomats have gone out of the times,which may have something to do with their nonsense words.Considering different ethic groups(impressions from the films shot by different countries)，Chinese is not a nation with the most nonsense words,while the Japanese and Italian have the most terrible manners about talking nonsense.According to different age groups,the older the people get the more nonsense words they have.The reason may be the old can't endure the loneliness.According to the genders,women have more nonsense words than men,because their thinking mode relies more on deduction than induction,so they often can't grasp the main point。

　　21.学校教育给我们的好处不但只是灌输知识，最大的好处恐怕还在给与我们求友的机会上。这好处我到了离学校以后才知道，这几年来更确切地体会到，深悔当时毫不自觉，马马虎虎地过去了。近来每日早晚在路上见到两两三三的携了手或挽了肩膀走着的青年学生，我总艳羡他们有朋友之乐，暗暗地要在心中替他们祝福。

　　翻译：The advantage of school education is not merely the imparting of knowledge,but,more importantly,the opportunities it affords us for making friends.I did not realize that until I had left school.In recent years,I had begun to understand that more deeply,only to regret having spent time too carelessly at that time unconsciously,Recently,when seeing young students walking with bags,in twos and threes'hand in hand or arm in arm,I would envy their joy and comfort of friendship,giving my best wishes to them from the bottom of my heart。

　　22.要用全球化，一体化的视角，坚持不懈，实实在在地努力，建立国际经济新秩序。当前，很多发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家中有很多亟待解决的问题，应该给予优先考虑。但是这些问题的解决方法应该满足发展中国家长[微博]期发展的需要，促进国际经济新秩序的进程。而不应该只着重于有限的措施，背离建立国际经济新秩序这一根本目标。

　　翻译：A global and integrated approach should be adopted and unremitting and solid efforts be made for the establishment of new international economic order.At present,many developing countries,especially the least developed countries,have indeed some urgent problems which should he accorded priority.But the solution of these problems should meet the needs of the long-term development of the developing countries and facilitate the process of establishing the new international economic order.It should not serve as limited measures divorced from the fundamental objective of establishing the new international economic order。

　　23.胖子喜欢社交。即使你脾气有些古怪，脸上有粉刺，他们也会喜欢你。在你没能写出那本伟大的美国小说时，他们会为你找到一个很好的理由。他们同你一起借酒浇愁。他们凑钱买东西时会把你的名字也写上。他们会帮你摆脱困境。胖子喜欢闲聊、傻乐、狂笑、狂蹦乱跳、转来转去，爱传小道消息。他们慷慨，大方，豪爽。他们贪吃，漂亮，伟大。你心情不好时需要温柔和轻松，而不是强劲和持重。胖子懂得这个道理。他们肚量大，容得下你。

　　翻译：Fat people are convivial. They will like you even if you're irregular and have acne. They will come up with a good reason why you never wrote the great American novel. They will cry in your beer with you. They will put your name in the pot. They will let you off the hook. Fat people will gab, giggle, guffaw, gallumph, gyrate and gossip. They are generous, giving and gallant. They are gluttonous and goodly and great. What you want when you're down is soft and jiggly, not muscled and stable. Fat people know this. Fat people have plenty of room. Fat people will take you in。

　　24.现在不是钻进象牙塔里，空喊自己有权高高在上，置身于社会的问题与苦难之外的时候。时代要求我们大胆地相信：人经过努力可以改变世界，达到新的、更美好的境界。没有人能够仅凭闭目不看社会现实的做法，就可以割断自己同社会的联系。他必须永远保持对新鲜事物的敏感，随时准备接受新鲜事物；他必须有勇气与能力去面对新的事实，解决新的问题。

　　翻译：This is no time for any man to withdraw into some ivory tower and proclaim the right to hold himself aloof from the problems and the agonies of his society.The times call for bold belief that the world can be changed by man's endeavor,and that this endeavor can lead to something new and better.No man can sever the bonds that unite him to his society simply by averting his eyes.He must ever be receptive and sensitive to the new;and have sufficient courage and skill to fave novel facts and to deal with them。

　　25.你不妨回忆过去的愉快，十之八九会发现你自己是在一个满园阳光的花园里，而不是在某个令人激动的公开演出会上。你第一次听见鹪鹩的歌，看见它在美国梧桐树叶附近啾啾而唱，回想起来是无限的奇妙，相比之下，刺刀出鞘、警察袭击、平民头破血流被抬进医院的街头骚乱是大为逊色的。

　　Think yourself back into happiness and it is ten to one you will find yourself in a sunny garden and not at some exciting public show.The first time you heard a willow-wren's song and saw it lifting its beak to sing in the shadow of the sycamore leaves seems an infintely more wonderful thing to look back on than a riot in the streets with bayonets drawn and policeman charging and broken-skulled civillians borne off to the hospital。