So what are these listening strategies? Skilled learners go into a listening class with a sense of what they want to get of it. (79) They set a goal for their listening, and they generate predictions about what the speaker will say. Before the talking begins they mentally review what they already know about the subject, and form an intention to “listen out for” what’s important or relevant. Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus; if their attention wanders, they bring it back to the words being spoken. They don’t allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details. Instead, they take note of what they don’t understand and make inferences about what those thing might mean, based on other clues available to them; their previous knowledge of the subject, the context(语境) of the talk, the identity of the speaker, and so on。

　　6. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. Effective listening means hearing the words that float past our ears。

　　B. Developing your listening skills is the first step toward developing fluency。

　　C. Skilled listeners use specific strategies to get the most out of what they hear。

　　D. Listening is one of the most powerful tools we have to gain information。

　　7. What does Vandergrift’s research show?

　　A. Learners who adopt specific listening strategies become better listeners。

　　B. Learners taught in the traditional way are better at reinforcing what they learn。

　　C. Learners are more confident if they make fewer mistakes。

　　D. Learners who listen on a regular basis improve faster。

　　8. Which of the following statements about Vandergrift’s research is TRUE?

　　A. The participants were postgraduates learning French as a second language。

　　B. All the participants were taught using the conventional method, with the focus on listening strategies。

　　C. The two groups were taught by different teacher。

　　D. The participants were at the same initial skill level。

　　9. The expression “thrown off” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”。

　　A. infected         B. confused    C. ruined     D. informed

　　10. According to the passage, which of the following strategies is NOT used by skilled learners?

　　A. Review their prior knowledge of the subject。

　　B. Concentrate on the speaker’s words。

　　C. Translate into their native language。

　　D. Predict what the speaker will way。

　　Passage 3

　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　　(80) As the Titanic was sinking and women and children climbed into lifeboats, the musicians from the ship’s band stood and played. They died when the ship went down. Men stood on the deck and smoked cigarettes. They died, too. This behavior is puzzling to economists, who like to believe that people tend to act in their own self interest. “There was no pushing,” says David Savage, an economist at Queensland University in Australia who has studied witness reports from the survivors. It was “very, very orderly behavior。”

　　Savage has compared the behavior of the passengers on the Titanic with those on the Lusitania, another ship that also sank at about the same time. But when the Lusitania went down, the passengers panicked(恐慌). There were a lot of similarities between these two events. These two ships were both luxury ones, they had a similar number of passengers and a similar number of survivors。

　　The biggest difference, Savage concludes, was time. The Lusitania sank in less than 20 minutes. But for the Titanic, it was two-and-a-half hours. “If you’ve got an event that lasts two-and-a-half hours, social order will take over and everybody will behave in a social manner,” Savage says. “If you’re going down in under 17 minutes, basically it’s instinctual。” On the Titanic, social order ruled, and it was women and children first. On the Lusitania, instinct won out. The survivors were largely the people who could swim and get into the lifeboats。

　　Yes, we’re self-interested, Savage ways. But we’re also part of a society. Given time, social norms(规范) can beat our natural self-interest. A hundred years ago, women and children always went first. Men were stoic(坚忍的)。 On the Titanic, there was enough time for these norms to become forceful。

　　11. According to the author, economists were confused because_____。

　　People’s behavior was disorderly on the Titanic

　　People did not act in their own interest on the Titanic

　　most men did not act in their own interest on the Lusitania

　　women and children could not climb into the lifeboats

　　12. The expression “won out” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”。

　　A. took the upper hand      B. went out of control

　　C. ran wild                D. shut down

　　13. According to David Savage, _____ was a critical factor in determining people’s behavior in the sinking of these two ships。

　　A. social order    B. place    C. instinct    D. time

　　14. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?

　　A. Both ships were expensive ones。

　　B. A similar number of women and children from both ships survived。

　　C. About the same number of people from each ship died。

　　D. Both ships had a similar number of passenger。

　　15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?

　　A. Why Didn’t Musicians Play on the Lusitania?

　　B. Why Did Musicians Play on the Titanic?

　　C. Why Didn’t Passengers Panic on the Titanic?

　　D. Why Did Men Smoke on the Titanic?

上一页12345下一页