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　　While Abraham Lincoln had abolished slavery in America a hundred years before, blacks were still largely treated as second-class citizens in 1955. Not only could black Americans not vote, but they couldn't attend the same schools as whites, or eat with them at many restaurants. American blacks resented the unequal treatment, but most tolerated it-until a black woman named Rosa Parks did the unthinkable by refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white passenger.

　　When Parks was arrested, outraged blacks in Montgomery boycotted the local transportation company, and the American Civil Rights Movement was born. Martin Luther King Jr. quickly took charge of the movement, and with his eloquence and powerful philosophies, he was the ideal leader. Under his leadership, the movement mushroomed to mass marches against city and state governments. Everywhere, black Americans began protesting, and anything from separate lunch areas in the workplace to white-only schools was fair game.