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Unit 13:Albert Einstein

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/09/26 00:10 新浪教育

　　Passage 1

　　阅读理解一

　　Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, and his achievement was even greater than only a few other great scientists have achieved. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and so on-but even ordinary man now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.

　　By 1914 young Einstein had been worldfamous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by World War I.

　　Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.

　　In the year following World War I honors were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner. He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.

　　In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honored in Germany till the rise of Naziism when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.

　　注释

　　1. effect n.作用，影响(on, upon)

　　2. universe n.宇宙；万有；天地万物

　　3. identity n.同一(性)；一致

　　4. affect vt.影响，对...起作用反应

　　5. humble adj.恭顺的，谦逊的根据短文内容选择正确答案

　　( )1The main idea of the first paragraph is _____.

　　A. the difficulty of Einstein's thought to others

　　B. the feeling of an American university president towards Einstein

　　C. the difference between science and history

　　D. the change in human thought produced by Einstein

　　( )2It seems to the American university president that_____ .

　　A. Einstein achieved more than any other scientist in history

　　B. everybody understands Einstein's scientific ideas

　　C. the new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyone

　　D. our ideas about the universe are different today from those in the past because of Einstein

　　( )3Between 1914 and 1918 Einstein_____ .

　　A. received worldwide praise

　　B. had no chances for study

　　C. almost did nothing in his office

　　D. still continued his scientific research

　　( )4Einstein did his greatest work_____ .

　　A. when Naziism rose

　　B. when he was young

　　C. during World War I

　　D. after he left Europe

　　( )5From the passage we can know that_____ .

　　A. Germans usually have a high respect for science

　　B. Einstein had other interests besides science

　　C. Einstein was forced to work again in 1918

　　D. Einstein led a quiet life during World War I

Passage 2

　　阅读理解二

　　Thomas Alva Edison was awarded more patents on inventions than any other American. When he died in 1931, American wondered how they could best show their respect for him.

　　One suggestion was that the nation observe a minute or two of total blackout. All electric power would be shut off in homes, streets, and factories.

　　Perhaps this suggested plan made American realize fully what Edison and his inventions meant to them. Electric power was too important to the country. Shutting it off even a short time would have led to complete confusion. A blackout was out of the question.

　　On the day of Edison's funeral, many people silently dimmed their lights. In this way they honored the man who had done more than anyone else to put the great force of electricity at his countrymen's fingertips.

　　注释

　　1. award vt.把……奖给，授与

　　2. patent n.执照，专利(权)，专利品，专利证书

　　3. observe vt.注意到；监视；观察，观测

　　4. blackout n.停电

　　5. funeral n.葬礼；追悼会，出殡的行列根据短文内容选择正确答案

　　( )1This selection says that Thomas Edison _____.

　　A. was the only important American inventor

　　B. received the first American patent

　　C. received more patents than any other American

　　D. was the first American inventor

　　()2People decided to honor Edison when _____.

　　A. he made the first electric light

　　B. electric power was 100 years old

　　C. the country realized electricity's importance

　　D. he died in 1931

　　()3The suggested plan was to _____.

　　A. turn off the lights in factories and schools

　　B. observe a few minutes of total silence

　　C. dim all electric power

　　D. shut off all electricity for a short while

　　()4Americans fully realized what Edison's inventions meant when they_____ .

　　A. heard of his death

　　B. heard of the plan to honor him

　　C. first used electric power

　　D. carried out the plan

　　()5The plan was never carried out because_____ .

　　A. not everyone wanted to honor Edison

　　B. it was too difficult

　　C. electric power was too important to the country

　　D. it honored only one of Edison's inventions

　Passage 3

　　完形填空

　　Einstein was born __1___ 1879 in Germany. __2___ a child, he was slow ___3__ to talk. As a pupil, he was backward. __4___ when he was fourteen years old, he became clever. He taught __5___ maths __6___ textbooks. He studied hard because he wanted __7___ a physicist.

　　In 1901, Einstein began __8___teaching. In 1902 he continued his studies __9___ the University of Zurich. Several years __10___, he formulated his famous Theory of Relativity. __11___ most people the law __12___ relativity is difficult to explain. But once Einstein explained __13___ very well to asgroupsof young students. He said: "When you __14___ a good girl __15___ two hours, __16___ think it is only a minute. But when you sit on a __17___ stove for a minute, you think its two hours. That ___18__ relativity."

　　After Hitler ___19__ power in Germany, Einstein went to America. In 1940 Einstein ___20__ American citizen. In 1955, Einsteins life ended at the age of seventysix.

　　注释

　　1. physicist n.物理学家

　　2. formulate vt.把...作成公式，用公式表示

　　3. Theory of Relativity相对论

　　4. stove n.火炉,电炉，加热器

　　5. citizen n.公民，国民通读短文选出一个最佳答案

　　( )1A.on B.at C.in D.× ( )2A.When B.As C.Be D.Was

　　( )3A.to learn B.learning C.to be learned D.had learned

　　( )4A.And B.but C.Or D.But

　　( )5A.he B.him C.his D.himself

　　( )6A.with B.in C.from D.on

　　( )7A.to be B.being C.doing D.to do

　　( )8A.to teach B.teaching C.taught D.to taught

　　( )9A.at B.in C.with D.of

　　( )10A.after B.late C.later D.ago

　　( )11A.With B.To C.At D.× ( )12A.at B.on C.with D.of

　　( )13A.it B.them C.that D.thems

　　( )14A.sit with B.sit about C.sat with D.sitting with

　　( )15A.in B.at C.for D.with

　　( )16A.we B.you C.he D.they

　　( )17A.hot B.hotting C.hotted D.heat

　　( )18A.is B.was C.will be D.be

　　( )19A.came on B.came onto C.came into D.come onto

　　( )20A.became a B.turn a C.turn D.became an

Passage 4

　　判断正误

　　Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity of a famous scientist to the fact that he "never went to school, and therefore kept the rare gift of thinking freely". There is undoubtedly a truth in Einsteins observation; many artists and geniuses seem to view their schooling as a disadvantage. But such a truth is not a criticism of schools. It is the function of schools to civilize, not to train explorers. The explorer is always a lonely person whether his or her pioneering be in art, music, science, or technology. The creative explorer of unmapped lands shares with the genius what Whilliam James described as the gift for thinking in an unusual way. As schools teach set patterns, they tend to destroy creativity and genius. But if schools could somewhat exist only to cultivate genius, then society would break down. For the socialsgroupsdemands unity and widespread agreement, which are destructive to creativity. There will always be conflict between the demands of society and the impulses of creativity and genius.

　　注释

　　1. attribute sth. to把某事物归功于；认为某事物是(某人)创造的

　　2. creativity n.创造力；艺术创新

　　3. undoubtedly adv.无庸置疑地，的确地

　　4. disadvantage n.不便；不利；不利的情况

　　5. criticism n.批评，非难

　　6. conflict n.冲突，斗争

　　7. impulse n.冲击

　　根据文章内容判断正误

　　( )1Albert Einstein once thought that schools helped developing the creativity of a scientist.

　　( )2According to the passage, Albert Einsteins thought is that schools prevented a scientist from thinking freely.

　　( )3Einsteins observation is in agreement with the authors.

　　( )4Schools can never satisfy the needs of both genius and society as a whole.

　　参考答案

　　Passage 1

　　1. D爱因斯坦相对论的发现对科学和历史产生了巨大影响，同时，也使人们的思想产生了巨大的变化。

　　2. D此题是推测题，正是由于爱因斯坦的理论，人们对宇宙的看法同以前相比发生了巨大的改变。

　　3. C由于战争的影响，他无法开展工作。从文章中得知，直到1918年战争结束他才返回工作岗位。

　　4. B根据文章内容，爱因斯坦在1914年由于他的杰出贡献而闻名于世，而在1921年获得诺贝尔奖。故选B。

　　5. A文章最后一段已证明，在希特勒上台之前，德国人对科学是很尊重的。B项内容文章并没有谈到，而C、D项内容与文章内容相悖。

　　Passage 2

　　1. C依据文章第一句内容可知爱迪生获得的专利要比任何人都多。

　　2. D文章第一段第二句告诉我们1931年爱迪生走完了他辉煌的人生路程，美国人民想悼念他来表示对他的敬仰。

　　3. D文章第二段已说明答案。

　　4. D爱迪生去逝时，人们为了悼念他，暂时停了一会电，这使人们认识到电在人们日常生活中有多么重要啊!故选B。

　　5. C从文章第三自然里我们得知，电对一个国家是多么重要，即使断电很短时间也会引起多种混乱。

　　Passage 3

　　1. C英语日期表示法：①只有月份用"in"，有月份和年份也用"in"；②有日期、月份和年份用"on"。

　　2. BAs a child相当于when引导的时间状语从句，等于When he was a child的意思。

　　3. Abe slow to do sth.意为"做……迟钝"。

　　4. Dbut在句中起转折作用。此句是以when引导的时间状语从句，he became clever是主句，不能把主句看成定语从句。

　　5. Ateach oneself是常用短语，意为"自学"，oneself是反身代词作teach的宾语。

　　6. A他自学数学课本。

　　7. Awant to do (be)…意为"想做(当)……"。

　　8. Bbegin后面既可以接动词不定式，也可以接动词ing形式。一般来说，①begin用进行时后接不定式；②主语是物时；动词不定式是识知动词(如：realise, understand, know等等)时用动词ing形式。

　　9. A在1902年，他继续在慕尼黑大学学习。

　　10. Clater是副词，意为"后来"。late既可作副词也可作形容词，意为"迟到的"，"不早的"；ago是副词，意为"在……前"，从说话时为起点往后算。例：He came back three days ago.他三天前回来了。after是介词，意为"……以后"以过去某时为起点。例：after liberation解放后。

　　11. Bto most people,意思为"对大多数人来说"。

　　12. Dof意为"……的"表示所有关系，在此作定语修饰the law。

　　13. Ait指his Theory of Relativity。

　　14. A根据句意是sit with sb. "跟某人坐在一起"。

　　15. Cfor后接表示一段时间的状语。

　　16. B陈述一般情况，用动词一般现在时，不需要用动词其他形式。

　　17. A根据上下文意思可以推断出答案。

　　18. A在指自然规律、真理性的情况时应用一般现在时时态。

　　19. Ccome into power是固定搭配，意为"上台、执政或掌权"。

　　20. D"become a+名词"意义相当于"turn+名词"，意为"成为……"，此空需用动词过去式，其他选项不合题意。

　　Passage 4

　　1. F依据文章第一段第一句可以推断该题与文章内容不符。

　　2. T文章第一句说明爱因斯坦认为学校不能使科学家自由思考问题。

　　3. T阅读文章后。我们可知作者同意爱因斯坦的看法。

　　4. T文章第四和第五句是判断此题的关键。

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