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第六课：有礼貌

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/11/01 14:44 新浪教育

SPEAKING

课文翻译

　　Situation 1:You are at a school party. Your friend tells you that the man you

　　语境1：你在一个学校的聚会上。你的朋友告诉你明天将要和你

　　are going to work with tomorrow has also come to the party. You

　　一起工作的那个人也来参加这个聚会。你

　　have never met the man before, but your friend does not know.

　　以前从未见过这个人，但是你的朋友不知道。

　　You ask him to introduce you to the man.

　　你请你的朋友把你介绍给他。

　　Situation 2:Many students and teachers come to the party. You are looking

　　语境2：很多老师和学生都来参加聚会。你和朋友在找

　　for two seats to sit down with your friend, but there are none.

　　两个座位坐，但是没有。

　　You see two seats, but there are bags on them. You go over to

　　你看到了两个座位，但是上面有包。你过去

　　ask the girl sitting beside the bags.

　　问旁边坐着的女孩。

　　Situation 3:Many people are drinking at the party and there are many glasses

　　语境3：在聚会上，很多人都喝水，桌子上有

　　on the table. You take the wrong one. What will you say and

　　很多杯子。你拿错了杯子。你会说什么？

　　what will you do?

　　怎样做？

　　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1. introduce意为“使认识；介绍，使了解”，用于以下结构中：introduce + n. (+ to + n.)。

　　The headmaster introduced a new teacher to the students.

　　校长向学生介绍新老师。

　　May I introduce my friend Tom?

　　让我介绍我的朋友乔治好吗？

　　My father introduced me to the game of football.

　　我父亲使我了解了足球赛。

　　introduce还有“把(新事物)引进，引入”的意思。

　　New Paris fashions are introduced /into/ Shanghai every year.

　　巴黎的新流行式样每年都被引进上海。

　　2. go over意为“走过去”。

　　He went over to give a kiss to her.

　　他走过去吻了她。

　　go over还可作“检查，核对；复习”解。

　　Go over your work carefully before you hand it in.

　　交作业前要仔细检查一下。

READING

课文翻译

TABLE MANNERS AT A DINNER PARTY

宴会上的餐桌礼仪

　　People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be

　　第一次参加西式宴会的人或许会惊诧于

　　surprised by table manners in Western culture. Knowing them will help you

　　西方文化的餐桌礼仪。了解这些礼仪，能帮助你给

　　make a good impression.shavingsgood table manners means knowing, for

　　别人留下美好印象。有良好的餐桌礼仪意味着知晓(一些礼节)，例如，

　　example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave

　　如何使用刀叉，何时祝酒以及该有怎样的举止。

　　at the table. Beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glasses

　　在你的餐巾旁，你会看到一个小面包卷和三只杯子——一只用来

　　—one for white wine, one for red wine, and one for water. There are two pairs

　　盛白酒，一只用来盛红酒，还有一个用来喝水。餐桌上有两副大

　　of knives and forks on the table, forks on the left and knives on the right of the

　　刀叉，叉子放在盘子左边，刀子放在右边。

　　plate. When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the small one

　　还有两把匙子，大的一把用来喝汤，小的一把

　　for the dessert. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit

　　用来吃甜点，离盘子最近的那副刀叉比

　　bigger than the ones beside them. When you sit down at the table, you can

　　盘边的稍大些。当你在餐桌旁坐下来，你就可以

　　take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap. In China, you sometimes

　　拿起餐巾，把它展开，然后铺在大腿上。在中国，有时你

　　get a hot, damp cloth to clean your face and hands, which, however, is not

　　会得到一把热乎乎的湿毛巾，用来擦手、洗脸。然而，

　　the custom in western countries.

　　这在西方国家是没有的。

　　Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter. Some

　　宴会开始，先上一盘小菜，这通常叫做开胃菜。

　　people pray before they start eating, and other people may keep silent for a

　　用餐前，一些人做祈祷，还有一些人会沉默

　　moment. Then you can say“Enjoy your meal”to each other and everybody

　　片刻。这时你们就可以互相说声“请用餐”，然后大家

　　starts eating. For the starter, which you eat with the smaller pair, you keep

　　开始吃起来。你要先用那副小的刀叉吃第一道菜，

　　the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left. After the starter you

　　应是左手拿叉，右手拿刀。吃完，就

　　will get a bowl of soup—but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second

　　会上来一碗汤菜——只能是一个汤菜，永远不能要

　　serving.

　　第二个。

　　The next dish is the main course. Many westerners think the chicken breast

　　接下来的菜便是主菜。许多西方人认为，

　　with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird. Some people can use

　　白嫩的鸡脯肉是鸡身上最好吃的部分。有些人吃鸡肉或其他禽肉时

　　their fingers when they are eating chicken or other birds, but never touch beef or

　　可以用手；但一定不要用手去拿牛肉或

　　other meat on bones. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so

　　其他肉排。吃完自己盘子里的所有东西是礼貌的，所以

　　don’t take more food than you need.

　　不要往自己的盘子里放过多的食物。

　　At table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but do not laugh

　　用餐时，说话声音要小，面带笑容，但不能一直大笑

　　all the time.

　　不止。

　　Most Westerners like soft drinks if they will drive home. Many of them

　　如果要开车回家，大多数西方人喜欢喝不含酒精的饮料。许多人

　　drink white or red wine with the food. When drinking to someone’s health,

　　吃东西时喝白葡萄酒或红葡萄酒。当为某人健康干杯时，

　　you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch. The custom of toasting

　　你要举起酒杯，但不要碰杯。

　　in some parts of China is to finish the drink at once, but Westerners usually

　　在中国的一些地方，干杯表示把杯中的酒

　　take only a sip. For drinking during a dinner, the best advice is never to

　　一次喝光，但西方人则通常是呷一小口。对于在宴会上饮酒，建议你

　　drink too much.

　　最好不要过度饮酒。

　　Table manners change over time. They follow the fashion of the day.

　　餐桌礼仪随着时代的变化而变化。它们有着时代特点。

　　Besides, table manners are only important at formal dinner parties. If youre

　　而且，餐桌礼仪只有在正规的宴会才重要。如果你

　　not sure what to do, you can always follow your hosts. Although good manners

　　对该怎么做没有把握，就注意主人是怎么做的。虽然良好的礼仪常使你

　　always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules

　　风度优雅，但是当你和朋友或家人一起进餐时，

　　whileshavingsdinner with your friends or family.

　　就不必为那些规矩而担扰了。

　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1.manners意为“礼貌、规矩”，如充当主语，谓语用复数形式。

　　He has no manners.他没有礼貌。

　　manners意为“礼貌”，还可用于句型It’s good/bad manners to do sth.中,意为“干……是没有礼貌的”。

　　It’s bad manners to make a noise while eating.

　　吃饭时弄出声音是不礼貌的。

　　2. made a…impression意为“留下……印象”。动词make可以换成leave或have，意思相同。要表达“对……有什么印象”，可以把一些形容词放在impression的前面。如强调“给谁留下印象”，则在impression后加上on sb.。

　　His behavior made a bad impression on her.

　　他的行为给她留下一个恶劣的印象。

　　The pretty girl had a deep impression on me.

　　那个漂亮女孩给我留下很好的印象。

　　3. one作代词，代替前面提到的人或物，以避免重复。此时one只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为ones。

　　I’m looking for a flat. I’d really like one with a garden.

　　我正在寻找一套房子，我确实想要一套带花园的房子。

　　The new designs are much better than the old ones.

　　这些新设计比那些旧的好得多。

　　4. besides意为“再者，加之，而且”。

　　It’s too late to go out now, besides, it’s beginning to rain.

　　现在出去太晚了，而且开始下雨了。

　　5. drink to...是祝酒时的用语，介词to后跟名词，意为“为……干杯”，常用在不太正式的场合。

　　Let’s drink to the health of Mr. Brown.为布朗先生的健康，干杯。

　　6. all the time副词短语，在句中作状语，意为“一直，始终”。

　　She kept crying all the time.她一直在哭。

　　Conditions are changing all the time.情况始终在变化着。

LANGUAGE STUDY

课文翻译

WORD STUDYF

　　oreigners joining a Chinese dinner pary should know and follow Chinese

　　参加中国餐会的外籍人士应了解并遵守以下中国

　　table manners. Before dinner you sometimes get a hot, damp cloth, with which

　　餐桌礼仪：有时主人会在进餐前给你一场湿热的毛巾，你可以

　　you can clean your face and hands. It is a custom in China to have some tea or

　　用它擦脸、擦手。在中国上饭前先上茶或

　　other drinks before the meal is served. First, some cold dishes are provided,

　　其他饮料是一种习俗。首先上一些凉菜，

　　which are placed on ground glass plate in the middle of the table. Rice or noo

　　这些凉菜放在桌子中间的圆玻璃盘子上。米饭或面条

　　dles are served and should not be mixed with other food. In Western countries

　　端上来，这些不能和别的食品拌在一起。在西方国家，

　　people think chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the

　　人们认为白嫩的胸肉是鸡身上最好的部位，

　　bird, while Chinese people are happier with a wing or leg. Chinese people pre

　　而在中国人们更喜欢吃鸡翅、鸡腿。中国人喜欢

　　fer using chopsticks instead of forks and knives. It is allowed to use your hands

　　用筷子，不喜欢用刀叉。吃骨头上的肉时可以用手。

　　when eating meat on bones. When the soup arrives at the end of the meal, a

　　饭快吃完时汤端上来，

　　spoon is used. If the soup is very hot, foreigners like blowing to cool the soup.

　　(舀汤)用汤匙。如果汤是烫的，外籍人喜欢用嘴把汤吹凉。

　　In China it is better to wait a little while. At a dinner party Chinese people en

　　在中国最好等一会儿(再喝)。在餐会上中国人

　　joy drinking beer or spirits. For a toast everybody gets up, raises their glasses

　　喜欢喝啤酒或白酒。祝酒时每个人都站起来，举杯，

　　and touches the othersglasses, saying Ganbei!

　　碰杯，说“干杯！”。

　　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1. join意为“参加”，后面常跟表示组织、团体或集体的名词。

　　Will you join us?你会和我们一起吗?

　　2...be mixed with...是mix...with...的被动语态形式，意思是“和……混合在一起”。

　　Wine is mixed with water.水和酒掺在一起。

　　3allow意为“允许”，常用于两种结构：allow...to do; allow doing

　　The father doesnt allow his son to drink spirits.

　　那位父亲不许儿子喝白酒。

　　We dont allow smoking here.

　　此处不许吸烟。

　语法：定语从句

　　非限定性定语从句

　　非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加的说明，如果缺少了，也不会影响全句的主要思想，前面一般有逗号。用来引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词有which (在定语从句中充当主语或宾语)，who (在定语从句中充当主语或宾语)，whom(在定语从句中充当宾语)，whose (在定语从句中充当定语)和关系副词where (在定语从句中充当地点状语), when (在定语从句中充当时间状语)。

　　Our guide, who was French Canadian, was an excellent cook.

　　我们的向导是一个法裔加拿大人，他擅长烹调。

　　As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.

　　众所周知，鱼离不开水。

　　Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.

　　水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。

　　INTEGRATING SKILLS

　　课文翻译

　　Reading and writing

　October 16th

　10月16日

　　Dear Sam and Jenny,

　　亲爱的萨姆、珍妮：

　　Thank you very much for letting me stay in your house during my holiday.

　　非常感谢你们让我在你们的住所逗留了一个假期。

　　With this letter I am sending you the photos of our wonderful holiday in

　　随着这封信，我要把在海南度假的照片寄给你们。

　　Hainan. I have kept a few photos which I like very much. They make me think

　　我已经保存了几张我非常喜欢的照片，他们让我想起了

　　of the happy days we spent together. I will put them on the wall, somewhere

　　我们共同度过的好时光，我会把这些照片贴在墙上靠近

　　near my bed.

　　床的地方。

　　At this moment I am very busy with my studies. I had a good time during the

　　现在我正忙着学习。假日里我曾痛快地玩，

　　holiday, and now it is time for me to study hard. I must do well in the exams.

　　玩后我该努力学习了，因为我必须在考试中取得好成绩。

　　How about you? In your last letter you wrote that you were feeling very

　　你呢？在上封信中，你说你很

　　tired. I hope you are feeling better now. Will you be going to Australia for

　　累，我希望你现在感觉好些了，你会去澳大利亚过

　　Christmas or will you stay in China? If it isn’t too cold for you, I Would like to

　　圣诞节吗？还是仍然留在中国？如果你感觉不很冷，下一个寒假(一月)

　　invite you to come and visit me in the north of China over the next holiday in

　　我愿邀请你来中国北部作客。

　　January.

　　Thanks again and I wish you all the best.

　　再次感谢！祝您万事如意！

　　Yours,

　　谨启

　　Amy Zhang

　　张艾米

　　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1.thank you for意为“为……而感谢……”。

　　We thanked them for all their help.我们感谢他们鼎力相助。

　　He won’t thank you for leaving him all the washingup to do.

　　你把刷锅洗碗的活都留给他干，他不会感激你。(他会生你的气)

　　2. be busy with固定词组，意为“忙于……”，介词with后只须接名词或代词，如若表示“忙于做……”，需用be busy doing sth.。

　　The students are busy with their examinations.学生们正忙着考试。

　　They were busy preparing their journey back to England.

　　他们正忙着准备返回英国的旅行。

　　3. It’s time for sb. to do意为“某人做……的时间到了”。

　　It’s time for you to be on duty.到你值日的时间了。

　　4. hope意为“希望，期待”，后可接不定式或that从句。

　　We hope to visit this place.我们希望能访问此地。

　　I had hoped to save more money.

　　我本来希望能够存更多的钱。(用had hoped to do的形式表示无法实现的愿望)

　　We’re hoping (that) you will accept our offer.

　　我们希望你能接受我们的提议。

　　注意:hope后绝对不能接不定式的复合结构，即hope没有hope sb. to do的句型。下面的句子是一个错句：We hoped him to pass the exam.这个句子可改为：We hoped that he will pass the exam.或We expected him to pass the exam.

　　5.would like to do为一固定搭配，意为“想要，愿意”，其中would可换成should,是一种比较委婉客气的说法。

　　I should like to go there alone.我想单独去那儿。

　　They would like to have some soft drinks.他们想喝些饮料。

　　注意：should /would like后还可接不定式的完成式，即“should/would like to have done”，表示原希望做某事，但事实上并没有做。

　　6.wish意为“愿(某人幸运等)，祝……；问好”；用于以下结构，即wish + sb. +n.或wish + sb. +形容词。

　　I wish you good luck.祝你好运。

　　He wished his friend a good trip.他祝他的朋友一路平安。

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