新浪教育_新浪网

第十课：我们周围的世界

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/11/01 15:07 新浪教育

　SPEAKING

　课文翻译

　　A reporter for the magazine National Wildlife is writing an article about

　　一个《国家野生动植物》杂志的记者正在写一篇关于

　　animals in zoos and is going to interview some animals to find out more about

　　动物园里的动物文章，他将采访一些动物以便了解在动物园

　　the advantages and disadvantages of living in a zoo. Work together with your

　　里居住的优点和缺点。和你的同伴一同表演。

　　partner. Students A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as the animal.

　　A同学充任记者，B同学担任动物的角色。

　　Take turns asking and answering questions. Use the questions below to get

　　轮流问答问题。用下面的问题开始,

　　started and try to think of more questions.

　　尽可能想出更多的问题。

　　The reporter’s questions:

　　记者的问题：

　　Where did you live before they brought you to the zoo?

　　在你被送到动物园以前在哪儿居住？

　　How long have you been living in the zoo?

　　你在动物园住了多久了？

　　Do you prefer living in the zoo or living in the jungle? Why?

　　你喜欢住在动物园还是喜欢住在森林里？为什么？

　　If you could say something to all humans, what would you tell them?

　　如果你能够向人类说些什么，你将要告诉他们什么？

　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1.interview意为“面试，面谈；采访”。可作动词，也可作名词。

　　I have got an interview with National Chemicals.

　　我已获得全国化学制品公司的邀约面试。

　　I never give interviews.我从不接受采访。

　　I am interviewing all this afternoon.

　　今天整个下午我都要进行面试。

　　2. act是动词，act as意为“充任某角色，担任某工作”。

　　I don’t understand their language, you’ll have to act as interpreter.

　　我不懂他们的语言，你得当翻译了。

　　act还有“做某事，采取行动”之意；act the part of意为“扮演……角色”。

　　The time for talking is past; we must act at once.

　　没有时间再说了，我们必须立刻行动。

　　Who’s acting the part of Hamlet?谁扮演哈姆雷特这个角色？

　　act的名词形式是action,意为“行动〔U〕；行为〔C〕”。

　　I only like films that have got plenty of action.

　　我只喜欢有很多惊险动作的电影。

　　Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

　　3.take turns doing意为“轮流干……”，后可跟介词at。

　　We take turns (at) cooking.(= We cook by turns.)我们轮流下厨。

　　由turn构成的短语还有：by turns轮流地；in turn依次，逐个地；at every turn处处，次次

　　We did the work by turns.我们是轮流做这项工作的。

　　The girls called out their names in turn.那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。

　　I keep meeting him at every turn.我每次都遇见他。

　　It’s one’s turn to…意为“轮到……干……”。

　　Whose turn is it to do the washingup?轮到谁涮锅洗碗了？

　　4. think of意为“想，思考，考虑”，后接名词或动词的ing形式。

　　I’d thought of blue for this room.

　　我曾经考虑这个房间用蓝颜色好。

　　What do you think of the government’s latest offer to the teachers?

　　你对政府最近提出的教师待遇方案有什么想法？

　　5. prefer意为“宁愿，更喜欢”，后可接名词和动词的ing形式作宾语。

　　He prefers spending his spare time doing some reading.

　　他比较喜欢把业余时间用来读点书。

　　She preferred to live among the working people.

　　她更愿意生活在劳动人民中间。

　　prefer…to…(to是介词)用来表示“比起……更喜欢……”，也可用“prefer to…rather than (do)…”表达。

　　I prefer coffee to tea.比起茶，我更喜欢咖啡。

　　He preferred walking to cycling. (= He preferred to walk rather than cycle.)

　　他愿意步行，不愿骑自行车。

　　prefer sb. to do…意为“愿意某人做……”。

　　Their father prefers them to be home early.

　　他们的父亲希望他们早点儿回家。

　READING

　课文翻译

　ARE WE ENDANGERED?

　我们濒于灭绝吗？

　　Steve Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and

　　史蒂夫·琼斯是一位环境专家，他试图阻止动

　　plants from becoming endangered.“We are not alone in the world. We human

　　植物受到危害。“我们在世界上并不孤单。如果

　　beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. We

　　没有我们周围的动植物，我们人类就不能生存。我们

　　often talk about how important it is to take good care of ourselves and our planet,

　　经常谈论保护好我们自己和我们的星球是多么的重要，

　　but we don’t always do as we say,”Steve says as he takes us on a tour of

　　但是我们总是不按我们说的去做。”当史蒂夫带我们游览

　　Green Park in Birmingham. Many of the earth’s plants and animals have

　　伯明翰的绿色公园时，他这样说道。地球上的许多动物和植物

　　already died out, and several other species are endangered. If we want to live

　　已经灭亡了，许多别的物种也濒于绝迹。如果我们想过

　　a better life and have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways that do not

　　更好的生活并有一个光明的未来，我们必须学会在不

　　harm other living things.

　　危害其他生物的前提下进行活动。

　　If we know more about what causes endangerment, we may be able to take

　　如果我们对于引起濒于灭绝的原因所知更多，我们就有可能

　　measures before it is too late. A species can become endangered for different

　　及早采取措施。一种生物濒于灭绝有多种

　　reasons. Animals and plants must have a habitat or home which is comfortable

　　原因。动物和植物必须有一个舒适而干净的栖息地或者说是家园，

　　and clean, andswheresthere is enough food and other resources. They are all

　　那儿应该有足够的食物和别的资源。他们

　　used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live successfully

　　习惯于在他们的环境中生活，也就是说，他们知道如何在他们的栖息地

　　in their habitat. When the habitat of a species is changed or destroyed, the

　　成功地生存。当一个物种的栖息地被改变或被破坏时，

　　animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new home. If this is

　　那种动物或植物要么必须接受这种改变，要么寻找新的家园。

　　not possible, the species becomes endangered. If a new species arrives, the

　　否则，这个物种就会濒临灭亡。如果一个新的物种到来，

　　animals and plants of the habitat must change again. If the new species is too

　　栖息地的动植物必须再一次改变。如果这种新的物种太

　　strong or uses too much of the resources in the habitat, some of the original

　　强大或者消耗掉栖息地的太多资源，一些原先的

　　species may become endangered. A species may also die out if humans or

　　物种就会濒临灭绝。如果人类或别的动物消耗掉太多的植物

　　other animals use too much of a plant or kill too many animals.

　　或杀掉太多的动物，一个物种也许会灭绝。

　　The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help. First of all, we

　　一个好消息是我们可以做很多事情去帮助他们。首先，我们

　　need to learn more about animals, plants and the environment. Experts tell us

　　需要了解更多关于动物、植物和环境的问题。专家告诉我们，

　　that we need to think about what we can do to keep animals and plants from

　　我们需要思考能够做些什么去阻止动物和植物

　　becoming endangered. Steve says that we can help by creating more space for

　　濒于灭绝。史蒂夫说我们可以为动植物创造更多的空间来

　　animals and plants:“You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse. It is simple

　　提供帮助:“你可以种一棵树或建一个鸟巢，那很简单

　　but useful.”Steve also wants us to think about what we do:“Please don’t

　　但实用。”史蒂夫也想让我们考虑我们应做的事情，“请不要

　　pollute the environment.”If we find out more about what we should do, we

　　污染环境。”如果我们知道更多的应该做的事情，我们

　　can help Steve and others like him keep animals and plants—and ourselves—

　　可以帮助史蒂夫和一些像他那样的人阻止动物和植物——包括我们自己

　　from becoming endangered.

　　——濒临灭绝。

　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1. keep...from (doing)意为“阻止……干……”，其中的from不可省略；表示同样意义的还有stop...(from) doing和prevent...(from) doing，这两个结构中的from都可省掉。

　　The church bells keep me from sleeping.

　　教堂的钟声吵得我睡不着觉。

　　You can’t stop us (from) going if we want to.

　　假如我们要去，你是阻止不了的。

　　Nobody can prevent us getting married.谁也阻止不了我们结婚。

　　2.survive作不及物动词，意为“继续生存或存在”；作及物动词时，意为“经历(某事物)生存”。

　　Of the six people in the plane that crashed, only one survived.

　　在飞机失事的六人中仅一个人幸存。

　　Many strange customs have survived from earlier times.

　　有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。

　　The plants may not survive the frost.这些植物不经冻。

　　3. die out意为“灭绝，绝迹，消失”。

　　Many of the living things are dying out.很多生物正在绝迹。

　　4. endanger是及物动词，意为“使遭危害，危及”。

　　You will endanger your health if you work so hard.

　　如果你工作过度劳累，健康会受到损害。

　　We ought to be doing our best to save endangered species.

　　我们应该竭尽全力挽救濒于灭绝的生物。

　　5. harm在句中作动词，意为“损害，伤害”。

　　The event has harmed relations between the two countries.

　　这个事件损害了两国的关系。

　　harm还可作名词, do harm to意为“对……有害”。

　　Eating too much will do harm to our health.

　　吃得太多有害于健康。

　　6.take measures意为“采取措施”，其中measures是复数，意为“措施”。

　　They will take measures to keep people from coming in.

　　他们将采取措施阻止人们进入。

　　7. adapt to意为“适应(新环境)”。

　　Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.

　　我们的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗的环境。

　　She adapted (herself) quickly to the new climate.

　　她很快适应了这种新的气候。

　　adapt有“使某事物适应于新的用途；修改，改编”之意。

　　The novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.

　　这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。

　　8. species是名词，意为“物种，种”，单复数形式相同。

　　a species of antelope一种羚羊

　　There are various animal species in the zoo.动物园里有各种动物。

　　9. too much意为“太多”，有如下三种用法：

　　(1)用作名词词组。

　　You have given me too much.你给我的太多了。

　　He drank too much last night.昨天晚上他喝得太多了。

　　(2)用作形容词词组，修饰不可数名词。

　　But too much snow can cause trouble.但雪太多会引起麻烦。

　　You take too much interest in what you wear.你太过于关心穿着了。

　　(3)用作副词词组，修饰不及物动词。

　　She talks too much.她说话太多了。

　　You and your brother look too much alike.你们兄弟俩长得太像了。

　LANGUAGE STUDY

　课文翻译

　　Grammar

　　Professor Stevenson, who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer,

　　史蒂文森教授致力于保护糜鹿，

　　gave a talk to Chinese college students in Beijing. Before his talk, he asked

　　他在北京对大学生举办了一个讲座。在演讲之前，他问

　　some students if they knew what kind of animal the milu deer was and how

　　一些学生是否知道糜鹿是何种动物，

　　many centres there were at present for the milu deer in China. The students

　　目前，在中国有几个糜鹿保护中心。学生们

　　told him that they didn’t know much about the milu deer but they were very

　　告诉他，他们对麋鹿知之甚少，但是他们对它很感

　　interested in it and wanted to do something to protect it.

　　兴趣，想做些事情保护麋鹿。

　　Professor Stevenson explained to the students that the milu deer had been

　　史蒂文森教授向同学们解释说，糜鹿很久

　　very common in China a long time ago, but it disappeared during the Ming and

　　以前在中国很常见，但它在明清时期灭绝了。

　　the Qing Dynasties. He said that since the first deer arrived at the Nanhaizi

　　他说自从1985年第一只来自英国的糜鹿到达南海子

　　Milu Park in 1985 from Britain, the number of the milu deer has grown every

　　糜鹿苑后，糜鹿的数量逐年增加。

　　year. He told the students that he hopes that more people would care about the

　　他告诉学生，他希望更多的人将会关心

　　milu deer and more centres would be built to protect this

　　糜鹿，而且为了保护这种动物将会建更多的保护中心。

　　animal. However, he said that keeping the deer in a park is not the best way

　　然而，他说在公园里养糜鹿不是保护它的最好的方式。

　　to protect it. He hoped that one day these milu deer would be set free and live

　　他希望有一天糜鹿会被重新放归

　　in the wild again.

　　自然。

　　Finally he asked everybody to stop killing the milu deer and said that animals

　　最后，他要求所有人停止捕杀糜鹿，他还说动物

　　are living things too and to love animals is to love ourselves.

　　也是生物，爱动物就是爱我们自己。

　　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1. devote...to意为“把……奉献给……，致力于……”，是介词，后接名词或动词形式。

　　He has devoted his life to helping blind people.他致力于帮助盲人。

　　I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.

　　我认为我们不应该在这个问题上再花费时间。

　　2. at present意为“目前，当前”，相当于now。

　　She’s busy at present and can’t speak to you.

　　她现在很忙，不能同你谈话。

　　At present, he’s professor of Chemistry at Oxford.

　　目前他是牛津大学的化学教授。

　　present还可作形容词，意为“出席的，到场的”，可作定语和表语，但作定语时，要置于其修饰的词之后。

　　How many people were present at the meeting?

　　参加会议的有多少人？

　　Most of the people present at the conference were scientists.

　　出席这次会议的大部分人是科学家。

　　3.explain to sb.意为“向……解释”，但explain没有explain sb. sth.的句型。

　　Can you explain what these words mean to us?

　　你能向我们解释一下这个词的意思吗？

　　4. care about意为“关心……，介意……”，强调某事物颇重要。

　　The only thing he cares about is money.他唯一关心的只是金钱。

　　注意：care about和care for, take care of的区别：care for意为“喜欢”，常用于疑问句和否定句中；而take care意为“照料”，相当于look after。

　　Who will take care of me when I am old?我老了谁来照料我？

　　I don’t really care for red wine.我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。

　　5.动词ing形式作主语时，为了句子的平衡或语法上的需要，常用it代替动词ing形式作形式主语，而把真正的主语——即动词ing形式后置。

　　It is a great deal of good practising English every morning.

　　每天早上练习英语非常有好处。

　　6. to love animals is to love ourselves意为“爱动物就是爱自己”，其中to love animals作主语，to love ourselves作表语。动词不定式可作主语或表语。

　　To get to the palace with just a flower is to say“I’m poor.”

　　只戴花到王宫去，那等于说“我穷”。

　　How to get rid of these things is a big problem.

　　如何清除这些东西是个大问题。

　　有时可用it代替不定式作形式主语。

　　It’s good to see all my teachers and friends again.

　　又能见到老师和朋友有多好。

　　It made us very happy to hear from him.

　　收到他的信使我们很高兴。

　　课文翻译

　　Reading and writing

　　Without air, water and sunlight there would be no living things. Because

　　没有空气、水和阳光就不会有生物。因为

　　they are so important, ecosystems try to be very careful with these valuable

　　他们是如此重要，生态系统会非常小心地处理这些

　　resources. Human beings often throw away things they have used only once. In

　　宝贵的资源。人类经常把只用过一次的东西丢掉。

　　good ecosystems, resources are used many times. The waste of plants and ani-

　　(而)在良性生态系统中，资源会多次使用。(一些)植物、动物产生的

　　mals will become food for another. In fact, nature is much better at recycling

　　废物会成为其他动、植物的食物。事实上，自然比我们

　　than we humans are. Maybe we should learn from nature and become better

　　人类更擅长于再循环。或许我们应该向自然学习，更好地反复利用

　　recyclers—if we throw away too much we may be throwing away our future.

　　资源——如果我们抛掉的东西太多，我们就会抛掉自己的未来。

　　We all care about nature and the environment, but we may not always do

　　我们都关心自然和环境，但是我们可能不会

　　everything we could or should. Scientists who know a lot about the environment

　　一直竭尽所能做自己应该做的事。有些科学家非常了解环境，

　　say that we should“Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Respond”. Lets see what

　　他们说我们应该“减少，重复使用，循环使用，响应”。我们来看看这些

　　that means.

　　都是什么意思。

　　Reduce the amount of rubbish

　　减少垃圾量

　　We throw away too much rubbish. The first step towards protecting the

　　我们扔掉的垃圾太多。保护环境的第一步是

　　environment is to try to throw away less rubbish. We cah try to be more careful.

　　尽量少扔垃圾。我们可以尽量多关注这件事。

　　It will be easier to keep the environment clean if we dont throw away so much

　　如果我们不扔掉这么多废弃物，保持环境清洁会更容易

　　waste. You can help. For example, you can

　　一些。你可以做些有助益的事。比如，你可以

　　buy things that use less packaging

　　买包装简单的物品

　　try not to use harmful things

　　不要使用有害处的物品

　　make boxes flat before you throw them away

　　扔掉盒子之前把他们弄扁

　　Can you think of more things we can do to reduce the waste?

　　你还能想更多减少废弃物的方法吗?

　　Reuse boxes, bags, and other things

　　重复使用盒子、袋子和其他物品

　　Instead of just throwing things away, we can use them again. If we reuse

　　不要把东西一扔了之，我们可以再次使用这些物品。如果我们重复

　　something, it will not end up as waste. There are many things you can do. For

　　使用一件东西，最终它就不会成为废物。你可以采取很多措施。比如，

　　example, you can

　　你可以

　　repair things and use them longer

　　修理物品，使用物品的时间长一些

　　reuse bags and other things

　　重复使用袋子和别的物品

　　share things you dont use very often

　　不常用的东西和别人合着用

　　How would you reuse the following?

　　你会怎样重复使用以下物品?

　　1 A plastic bag

　　塑料袋

　　2 An old shirt

　　旧衬衫

　　3 A soda bottle

　　汽水瓶

　　Can you think of other things you can reuse?

　　你还能想出别的可以重复使用的东西吗?

　　We can recycle what we use.

　　我们可以循环使用我们所用的物品。

　　Here are a few things you can do:

　　这是你可以采取的几条措施：

　　buy things that can be used again

　　买可以再次使用的物品

　　buy products made of recycled materials

　　买用再生材料制成的产品

　　What things do you recycle?

　　你循环使用什么东西?

　　We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about

　　关心自然，给他人讲述环保问题，这样我们就可以

　　environment problems. Teach others to reuse things. Tell you friends, relatives

　　响应(环保号召)。教他人重复使用物品。告诉你的朋友、亲戚

　　and other people that it is important to protect the environment.

　　和其他人：保护环境很重要。

　　Think of three ways you can learn more about nature and the environment.

　　想出三条你可以更深入地了解自然和环境的方式。

　　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1. Without air, water and sunlight there would be no living things.

　　此处would是虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或发生可能性极小的情况。

　　I would be in trouble without your help.没有你的帮助我会麻烦缠身。

　　2. be much better at意为“更擅长”，是be good at的比较级。

　　3. learn from意为“向……学习”。

　　4. care about意为“关心，担心”，是动词加介词构成的短语。

　　5. keep the environment clean意为“保持环境清洁”，keep...adj.表示使某物或某人保持某种状态，是动词加复合宾语结构。

　　6. instead of是复合介词，意为“代替，而不是”，后跟名词、代词或动名词。

　　He attended the meeting instead of me.他替我出席了那次会议。

　　The baby laughed instead of crying when I scolded her.

　　我责备那个婴儿时，她没哭，反而笑了起来。

　　7. teach sb. to do sth.意为“教某人做某事”，是动词加双宾语结构。

　　Ill teach him to surf the Internet.我会教他上网。

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