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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 语法知识解析:冠词使用的国际惯例

语法知识解析:冠词使用的国际惯例
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/17 17:46  英语辅导报

  同学们,一场别开生面的冠词用法"新闻发布会"开始了!

  【发言人】各位记者,各位来宾,大家好!今天,我们专门召开冠词用法新闻发布会,旨在让各位明确冠词的基本用法,以使大家今后能遵守"国际公约",欢迎各位记者提出相关的问题。

  【记者A】请问发言人,有关冠词的概念我们已有所知,请再详述一下好吗?

  【发言人】冠词是名词的好朋友!它是一种虚词,用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或物。冠词共有三个:a、an和the,其中a、an叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。在用法上,还有一种叫零冠词,即不用冠词的情况。

  【记者B】请问不定冠词a、an如何使用呢?

  【发言人】不定冠词a、an均可表示"一"、"一个",一般用于以下几种情况中:

  1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类。如:

  Is that an apple?

  2.指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。如:

  An orange is orange(橙色的).

  3.表示"一"这个数量,但数的概念不如one强烈。如:

  I have a mouth(嘴),a nose(鼻子),two eyes(眼)and two ears(耳朵).

  4.用于某些固定词组中。如:

  have a seat,have a rest,a little(一点儿)等等。

  注意:使用a和an时应切记:元音开头的单词(或字母)前用an;辅音开头的单词(或字母)前用a。其关键在于:是"元音"而不是"元音字母",也就是看"音(音标)"而不是看"形(字母)"。如:

  There is an"r"and a"u"in the word"under".

  单词"under"里有一个"r"和一个"u"。

  That is a banana,not an apple.

  【记者C】定冠词the如何使用,请您谈谈好吗?

  【发言人】定冠词the主要有以下几种用法:

  1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物。如:

  The girl in the hat is my sister.

  The books on the desk are Lin Tao's.

  2.指说话双方都知道的人或事物。如:

  -Where are the pictures?

  -They are on the wall.

  3.指上文提到过的人或事物。上文中出现的名词前用a/an,再次或多次出现时常要用the。如:

  I have a book.The book is new.

  4.世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun,the moon,the earth等。

  5.序数词或形容词最高级前。如:

  Sunday is the first day of the week.

  Kate is the tallest of the three girls.

  6.由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall(长城),the People's Park(人民公园)等。

  7.用在乐器前。如:

  play the piano /the violin

  8.用在一些习惯用语中。如:

  by the way,look the same,in the same class等等。

  【记者D】什么时候不用冠词,您能给我们归纳一下吗?

  【发言人】OK,下面几种情况不用冠词,请随我一起来看。

  1.泛指的复数名词前:

  People have always dreamed of flying high up into space.

  2.泛指的抽象名词前:

  Life is always presenting new things to children.

  3.泛指的物质名词前:

  Iron(铁)and steel(钢)play an important role in industry.

  4.一日三餐的名称前:

  Have you had breakfast?

  5.语言或学科的名词前:

  He can speak not only English but also Japanese.

  6.季节、月份、星期、节日等名词前:

  Autumn is the season of harvest.

  June 1st is Children's Day.

  We have English classes on Monday and Thursday.

  7.球类运动或棋类游戏名称前:

  They all like to play football.

  8.有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等修饰的名词前:

  Each age has its pleasures and pains(痛苦).

  I want this car,not that car.

  There is some water in the cup.

  9.大多数专有名词前:

  Do you know Nanjing Road in Shanghai?

  10.表示称呼语的名词之前以及职务、头衔的名词后也跟有专有名词时不用冠词。如:

  What's wrong,Granny?

  Doctor Liu is a scientist.

  11.用于表示家庭成员或nurse,cook, teacher等具有our nurse(cook,teacher)意义时:

  Teacher was very pleased with our work.

  Mother was being made up to look like the ideal(理想的),middle-aged housewife.

  12.表示颜色、语种和国家的名词前不用冠词。例如:in purple,Japanese(日语), Britain(英国)等。

  13.用于固定词组中:

  My son has gone to school.

  Did you travel by train?

  We had a good time in town last Sunday.

  I wish I could do something for you in re- turn.

  各位朋友,有关冠词的基本用法想必大家该清楚了吧。下面我们趁热打铁看看冠词在中考题中是怎样被考查的。做做看!

  冠词小试:

  1.What     interesting book it is!

  A.a B.an C.the D./

  2.There is     map in the classroom.    map is on the wall.

  A.a,A B.the,The C.a,TheD.the ,A

  3.Look at     picture!There's    house in it.

  A.a,a B.the,the C.a,the D.the,a

  4.Beijing is     capital of our country.

  A.the B.an C./ D.a

  5.He usually goes to school on   foot.

  A.a B.an C.the D./

  Answers:1--5 BCDAD

  (文/山东郯城县黄山中学杜倩;英语通2003年第11期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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