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英语应试篇：主谓一致正误例析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/02/04 08:48 英语辅导报

　　1.面包和奶酪是他最喜欢吃的食品。

　　误：The bread and butter are his favourite food.

　　正：The bread and butter is his favourite food.

　　析：习惯上把bread and butter看成是一个整体，所以系动词应为is，而不用are。类似的例子还有：knife and fork,needle and thread,law and order,war and peace,watch and chain,等等。

　　2.中国的人口比美国多。

　　误：The population of China are larger than that of America.

　　正：The population of China is larger than that of America.

　　析：population指的是人口这一整体概念，应视为单数，因而句中的are应改为is。但在特定的语境中也可以看作复数。如：80%of the population in our country are farmers.我国80%的人口是农民。

　　3.什么样的作家写什么样的书。

　　误：The kind of books an author writes depend on the kind of man who he is.

　　正：The kind of books an author writes depends on the kind of man who he is.

　　析：该句的主语是kind，为单数形式，所以depend应改为depends。

　　4.一个又一个强盗被杀了。

　　误：Many a robber were killed.

　　正：Many a robber was killed.

　　析：many a后接单数名词，其含义为"许多"，所以were应改为was。

　　5不止一个学生能爬上这座山。

　　误：More than one student were able to climb up the mountain.

　　正：More than one student was able to climb up the mountain.

　　析：more than one＋单数名词作单数用，因此句中were应改为was。

　　6许多大学生正在等公共汽车。

　　误：A number of university students is waiting for the bus.

　　正：A number of university students are waiting for the bus.

　　析：a number of是固定短语，相当于many，所以谓语动词应用复数，改为are waiting for。

　　7.大学生的数量增加了。

　　误：The number of university students go up.

　　正：The number of university students goes up.

　　析：number是句子的主语，为单数形式，所以句中的go up应改为goes up。

　　8.一百年是一个世纪。

　　误：A hundred years are called a century.

　　正：A hundred years is called a century.

　　析：a hundred years应被看作一个整体，谓语动词应用单数形式，are要改为is。又如：Five dollars is not enough to buy that pen.五美元是不够买那枝钢笔的。

　　9.土壤的一部分是红色的。

　　误：Some of the soil are red.

　　正：Some of the soil is red.

　　析：句中的are应改为is。如果some，all，lots of等与不可数名词连用，其谓语动词用单数；如果与可数名词连用，其谓语动词须用复数形式。如：All of my pencils are in the bag .我所有的铅笔都在书包里。/All of the ink is good.所有的墨水都很好。

　　10.那位老师兼音乐家要给我们演讲。

　　误：The teacher and musician are going to give us a lecture.

　　正：The teacher and musician is going to give us a lecture.

　　析：主语the teacher and musician是指一个人的两种身份，既是教师又是音乐家，因而应将are改为is。如果表示两个人，应分别用定冠词来限制。如：The teacher and the headmaster have gone to Beijing.老师和校长两人去北京了。

　　11.不是学生而是老师受到了赞扬。

　　误：Not the students but the teacher have been praised.

　　正：Not the students but the teacher has been praised.

　　析：在not...but...句型中，谓语动词应与but后面的名词或代词保持一致。因此应将have改为has。

　　12.盒子里有块橡皮和两枝铅笔。

　　误：There are a rubber and two pencils in the box.

　　正：There is a rubber and two pencils in the box.

　　析：there be句型中be动词的数的形式常取决于其后所接的第一个名词数的形式。此句中应将are改为is。

　　13.我言行一致。

　　误：What I say and do is of the same.

　　正：What I say and do are of the same.

　　析：what I say and do即what I say and what I do，"说与做"是两个不同的概念，应视为复数，将is改为are。

　　14他赠给她的是一些漂亮的梳子。

　　误：What he sent her was some pretty combs.

　　正：What he sent her were some pretty combs.

　　析：当主语从句与其后的表语可以互换时，其谓语动词应与后面的表语保持一致，故应将was改为were,与some pretty combs保持一致。

　　15.我想知道是谁在打排球。

　　误：I wonder who is playing volleyball.

　　正：I wonder who are playing volleyball.

　　析：打排球至少是两个人以上，从句中的谓语动词应用复数，把is改为are。

　　(文/山东无棣上县第一中学秦清海；《英语通》高二版03~04学年度第10期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)

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