情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的一个考查热点?本文以2002年和2003年全国部分省市中考试题为例,对情态动词的考点和热点作一分析?

　　一、考查can的用法

　　a.考查can表示能力的用法。

　　在这一用法中,can表示能力,意思是"能,会",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn't。例如:

　　1.-Where's Mr Lee? I have something unusual to tell him.

　　　-You________find him. He________Japan. (2003黑龙江)

　　A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to

　　C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to

　　2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK?

　　-Sorry. It________in such a short time. (2003山东威海)

　　A. may do B. can't be done

　　C. must do D. needn't be done

　　3. I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. (2002江西)

　　A. must B. have to C. need to D. can

　　4.________you mend my car? I______not start it. (2002常德市)

　　A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may

　　5.________she ride when she was three years old?( 2002长沙市)

　　A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May

　　6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago.(2002四川省)

　　A. can B. may C. could

　　Answers: 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C

　　b.考查can表示推测的用法。

　　在这一用法中,can意为"可能",表示客观可能性,常常用于疑问句和否定句中。例如:

　　7. Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li?

　　-No, it________be him. Mr Li is much taller. (2003河北)

　　A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't

　　8. -Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who________it be? Is it Wei Fang?

　　　-No. It________be her. She is at school now. (2002重庆市)

　　A. will; may not B. must; mustn't C. may; can't D. may; won't

　　9. -Is Mr Hu in the reading room?

　　　-No, he________be there. He has gone to Tianjin. (2002新疆)

　　A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't

　　10. Class 3 won the football match! ________it be true?(2002广东)

　　A. May B. Must C. Will D. Can

　　Answers: 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. D

　　c.考查can / could表示请求许可的用法?

　　在这一用法中,can和could都表示现在,用could比用can语气更加委婉客气,常用Could I / you...?句式,表示"我/你能……吗?"若表示同意要用can,不用could?例如:

　　11.-Could I look at your pictures?

　　　-Yes, of course you________. (2003武汉)

　　A. could B. can C. will D. might

　　12.________you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the telephone number. (2002北京市海淀区)

　　A. Need B. Could　C. Must D. Should

　　Answers: 11. B 12. B

　　二、考查must的用法

　　a.考查must表示义务的用法。

　　在这一用法中,must意为"必须","应该",表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn't表示禁止,即不许对方做某事?例如:

　　13.-May I go to the cinema, Mum?

　　　-Certainly. But you________be back by 11 o'clock. (2003安徽)

　　A. can B. may C. must D. need

　　14.-SARS is such a terrible disease.

　　　-Yes, it is. We________be more careful. (2003浙江嘉兴)

　　A. can B. may C. must D. need

　　15. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish________into the river. (2003重庆)

　　A. needn't be thrown　B. mustn't be thrown

　　C. can't throw　D. may not throw

　　16. These books________out of the reading room. You have to read them here.(2003辽宁)

　　A. can't take B. must be taken　C. can take D. mustn't be taken

　　17. Cars, buses and bikes________stop when traffic lights change to red. (2002上海市)

　　A. can B. may C. must D. need

　　Answers: 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C

　　要注意must和have to的用法区别?must表示说话人的主观看法,而have to表示客观的需要,意思是"不得不"?例如:

　　18. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?

　　-Sorry, I can't. I________take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.

　　(2003南京)

　　A. can B. may　C. would D. have to

　　Answer: 18. D

　　回答must开头的一般疑问句,如果是否定的回答,要用needn't或don't have to,表示"不必","没有必要"的意思,不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示禁止或不许,意思是"一定不要"的意思。例如:

　　19. -Must I finish the work before five o'clock?

　　-No, you________. (2003四川)

　　A. needn't B. mustn't C. have to

　　20. -________I come back before five o'clock?

　　-No, you________. But you________be back later than seven o'clock.(2002烟台市)

　　A. Need; must; mustn't　B. May; mustn't; can't

　　C. Can; can't; can't　D. Must; needn't; can't

　　21. -Must I clean the room right now?

　　-No, you________. You________clean it after lunch. (2002徐州市)

　　A. needn't; can　B. needn't; may

　　C. mustn't; canD. mustn't; may

　　Answers: 19. A 20. D 21. B

　　b.考查must表示推测的用法。

　　在这一用法中,must意为"一定","肯定",表示可能性很大,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can't,表示"不可能"。例如:

　　22. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It ____be very expensive. (2003上海)

　　A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't

　　23. This book________Lucy's. Look! Her name is on the book cover. (2002河南)

　　A. must be B. may be　C. can't be D. mustn't be

　　Answers: 22. A 23. A

　　三、考查may的用法

　　a.考查may表示请求许可的用法

　　在这一用法中,may表示许可或征询对方许可,表示"可以"的意思,常常与第一人称I连用,构成May I...?句式,表示"我可以……吗?"肯定回答用Yes, you may.; Yes, please.等;否定回答用No, you can't.或No, you mustn't.,不用No, you may not.?例如:

　　25. -________I have your name, please?

　　-Yes, Michael. M-I-C-H-A-E-L. (2002北京市东城区)

　　A. Must B. Will C. May D. Need

　　26. -May I go to the cinema, dad?

　　-No, you________. You must finish your homework first. (2002浙江金华市)

　　A. mustn't B. won't　C. don't D. needn't

　　27. -May I smoke here?

　　-________, you________. It can be dangerous. (2002滨州市)

　　A. Yes; can B. No; can't

　　C. Yes; may D. No, needn't

　　Answers: 25. C 26. A 27. B

　　②测试may表示可能性的用法。

　　在这一用法中,may表示可能性,意思是"也许","可能",通常用于肯定句中。例如:

　　28. You________go and ask Meimei. She________know the answer. (2003天津)

　　A. must; can B. must; may

　　C. need; can D. can; may

　　29. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You________cut your finger. (2002宁夏)

　　A. need B. must C. should D. may

　　Answers: 28. D 29. D

　　(文/梁小明；英语通2004年第1期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)