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英语教学参考:解读2003年中考“非谓语动词”
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/09 08:28  英语辅导报

  "非谓语动词"是近几年中考考查的一个热点,为了帮助同学们备战2004年中考,复习好"非谓语动词",下面就通过2003年中考考题展示来解读"非谓语动词"。

  [考题展示]

  1.-It's too hot.

  Would you mind ________ the door。

  - ________ .Do it, please.

  A. to open; OK

  B. opening; Certainly not

  C. opening; Of course

  D. to open; Good idea (重庆)

  2. I have finished ________ ________ this book. You can take it away.

  A. to read

  B. read

  C.reading

  D. reads (吉林)

  3. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep ______ until we make it.

  A. failed B. failing

  C. tried D. trying (辽宁)

  4. They are busy ______ ready for the exam.

  A. get B. getting

  C. to get D. got (宁夏)

  5.He found it hard ______ his class.

  A. to catch up with

  B. to catch up

  C. catch up with

  D. catch up (新疆)

  6. We must do something to stop people from ______.

  A. to throw litter about

  B. to throw litter into

  C. throwing litter about

  D. throwing litter into (陕西)

  7. Listen! Can you hear a baby _______ ?

  A. cry B. to cry

  C. crying D. cries (山西)

  8. She asked them ________ things about.

  A. not to litter B. don't litter

  C. not litter D. no litter (宁夏)

  [解读"非谓语动词"]

  非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面笔者就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下:

  一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语

  在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如:

  My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.

  To study English well is very important.

  在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如:

  To climb mountains is a good form of exercise.

  Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise.

  二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语

  1.动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如:

  There is a swimming pool in our school.

  2.现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如:

  Listen to the singing bird.

  Who is the boy running towards us。

  3.动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:

  He is always the first to come to school.

  当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:

  I have a meeting to attend.

  如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:

  I have no room to live in.

  There is nothing for me to worry about.

  三、动词不定式和分词均可作宾语补足语

  动词不定式作宾语补足语时,表示动作已经发生,动作的全过程已经结束。如:

  I heard him knock at the door three times.(=I heard he knocked at the door three times (动作的全过程已经结束)

  现在分词作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行。如:

  I heard him knocking at the door.(= I heard he was knocking at the door.(动作正在进行)

  过去分词也可以作宾语补足语。如:

  I found the glass broken.(= I found the glass was broken.)

  注意:动词不定式作宾语补足语时,在动词make,let,have,see,notice,hear,watch, observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符号to。如:

  I hear him play.

  The teacher made him do the exercises again.

  help后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可加可不加。如:

  He often helps me to study English in his spare time.

  当这些动词变为被动语态时,原不定式必须加上to。如:

  He was seen to repair the machine.

  四、动词不定式和动名词均可作宾语

  1.下列动词后只能跟不定式作宾语: hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise等。如:

  He has promised to lend me the dictionary.

  2.下列动词后只能跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind, escape, excuse, suggest, consider(考虑), give up, can't help等。如:

  He wants to give up smoking.

  They practise speaking English every day.

  3.在动词remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟动词不定式或动名词时,意义上有所差别。如:

  He forgot telling me the news.他忘了曾经告诉过我这个消息。

  He forgot to tell me the news.他忘了要把这个消息告诉我。

  五、动词不定式和分词均可作状语

  不定式作状语通常表示"目的"或"程度";分词作状语通常表示"伴随情况"。"时间"或"原因"等。如:

  He went to the library to borrow a book (表目的)

  The boy sat at the desk reading a book.(表伴随情况)

  六、动词不定式和动名词均有复合结构

  不定式的复合结构:for sb.(not) to do sth.

  动名词的复合结构:名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+动名词。如:

  It's important for us to learn English well.

  He prided himself upon his dancing.

  ([考题展示]参考答案:1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A)

  (文/李汉峰王永辉;英语辅导报初中教师版03~04学年第25期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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