"非谓语动词"是近几年中考考查的一个热点,为了帮助同学们备战2004年中考,复习好"非谓语动词",下面就通过2003年中考考题展示来解读"非谓语动词"。

　　[考题展示]

　　1.-It's too hot.

　　Would you mind ________ the door。

　　- ________ .Do it, please.

　　A. to open; OK

　　B. opening; Certainly not

　　C. opening; Of course

　　D. to open; Good idea (重庆)

　　2. I have finished ________ ________ this book. You can take it away.

　　A. to read

　　B. read

　　C.reading

　　D. reads (吉林)

　　3. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep ______ until we make it.

　　A. failed B. failing

　　C. tried D. trying (辽宁)

　　4. They are busy ______ ready for the exam.

　　A. get B. getting

　　C. to get D. got (宁夏)

　　5.He found it hard ______ his class.

　　A. to catch up with

　　B. to catch up

　　C. catch up with

　　D. catch up (新疆)

　　6. We must do something to stop people from ______.

　　A. to throw litter about

　　B. to throw litter into

　　C. throwing litter about

　　D. throwing litter into (陕西)

　　7. Listen! Can you hear a baby _______ ?

　　A. cry B. to cry

　　C. crying D. cries (山西)

　　8. She asked them ________ things about.

　　A. not to litter B. don't litter

　　C. not litter D. no litter (宁夏)

　　[解读"非谓语动词"]

　　非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面笔者就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下:

　　一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语

　　在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如:

　　My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.

　　To study English well is very important.

　　在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如:

　　To climb mountains is a good form of exercise.

　　Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise.

　　二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语

　　1.动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如:

　　There is a swimming pool in our school.

　　2.现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如:

　　Listen to the singing bird.

　　Who is the boy running towards us。

　　3.动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:

　　He is always the first to come to school.

　　当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:

　　I have a meeting to attend.

　　如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:

　　I have no room to live in.

　　There is nothing for me to worry about.

　　三、动词不定式和分词均可作宾语补足语

　　动词不定式作宾语补足语时,表示动作已经发生,动作的全过程已经结束。如:

　　I heard him knock at the door three times.(=I heard he knocked at the door three times (动作的全过程已经结束)

　　现在分词作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行。如:

　　I heard him knocking at the door.(= I heard he was knocking at the door.(动作正在进行)

　　过去分词也可以作宾语补足语。如:

　　I found the glass broken.(= I found the glass was broken.)

　　注意:动词不定式作宾语补足语时,在动词make,let,have,see,notice,hear,watch, observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符号to。如:

　　I hear him play.

　　The teacher made him do the exercises again.

　　help后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可加可不加。如:

　　He often helps me to study English in his spare time.

　　当这些动词变为被动语态时,原不定式必须加上to。如:

　　He was seen to repair the machine.

　　四、动词不定式和动名词均可作宾语

　　1.下列动词后只能跟不定式作宾语: hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise等。如:

　　He has promised to lend me the dictionary.

　　2.下列动词后只能跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind, escape, excuse, suggest, consider(考虑), give up, can't help等。如:

　　He wants to give up smoking.

　　They practise speaking English every day.

　　3.在动词remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟动词不定式或动名词时,意义上有所差别。如:

　　He forgot telling me the news.他忘了曾经告诉过我这个消息。

　　He forgot to tell me the news.他忘了要把这个消息告诉我。

　　五、动词不定式和分词均可作状语

　　不定式作状语通常表示"目的"或"程度";分词作状语通常表示"伴随情况"。"时间"或"原因"等。如:

　　He went to the library to borrow a book (表目的)

　　The boy sat at the desk reading a book.(表伴随情况)

　　六、动词不定式和动名词均有复合结构

　　不定式的复合结构:for sb.(not) to do sth.

　　动名词的复合结构:名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+动名词。如:

　　It's important for us to learn English well.

　　He prided himself upon his dancing.

　　([考题展示]参考答案:1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A)

　　(文/李汉峰王永辉；英语辅导报初中教师版03~04学年第25期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)