1. It may be necessary to put up a notice saying“Keep off”. 也许有必要张贴一个通知,标明“禁止践踏”。

　　1) It在此句中是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语to put up a notice saying “Keep off”。当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,通常把它们放在谓语动词之后,而用It作句子的形式主语。例如:

　　It is not a good habit to stay up late. 晚睡不是好习惯。

　　It is a pity that you didn’t read the book.你没读这本书真遗憾。

　　[原题再现]

　　① ________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

　　A. There B. This C. That D. It

　　② In fact ________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

　　A. this B. that C. there D. it

　　答案分别是D, D。

　　2) saying “Keep off”是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词notice。现在分词短语作定语表示其所修饰的名词或代词主动发出的动作。

　　[原题再现]

　　The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

　　A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung

　　答案是B。

　　2. The country had been at war for many years and the temple was deserted and falling to pieces. 这个国家已经经历了多年的战乱,寺庙荒芜,房屋倒塌。

　　1) be at war是固定词组(中间不加冠词),意思是“处于战争 / 交战状态”。例如:

　　The two countries were at war then. 那个时候这两个国家正处于交战状态。 2) deserted是过去分词式的形容词,在句子中作表语,意思是“荒废了的;被遗弃了的”。及物动词的过去分词常可用作表语,表示主语所处的状态或表示主语对某事的感觉。

　　[原题再现]

　　①—I’m very with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

　　—Mm, it does have a ________ smell.

　　A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant

　　② As we joined the big crowd, I got ________ from my friends.

　　A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

　　答案分别是D, A。

　　3) fall to pieces意思是“倒塌;解体;垮台”等。例如:

　　The old house fell to pieces in the big flood. 洪水中,这座老房子被冲垮了。

　　After the organizer’s death, the organization fell to pieces. 组织者死后,这个组织就解体了。

　　3. To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. 情况更糟的是,许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作,而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作。

　　1)“To make things worse”是不定式短语,意为“更糟糕的是”。例如:

　　I went to school late. To make things worse, I left my textbook at home.我上学迟到了。更糟糕的是,我还把课本忘在家里了。

　　还可以用to make the matters worse / what is worse / worse than all等短语表达此意。例如:

　　What’s worse, the house is guarded by a fierce dog. 更糟的是,一只凶猛的狗守卫着这座房子。

　　常见的类似的不定式短语还有: to be (more) exact (更)确切地说; to be honest老实说; to tell the truth说实话,等等。例如:

　　He is in his mid-fifties; well fifty-six to be exact. 他55岁左右,确切地说,56岁了。

　　To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.老实说,我认为我们不会赢。

　　To tell the truth, I forget it was your birthday last week. 说老实话,我忘了上周是你的生日。

　　2) in search of是固定短语,of后面的名词一定是“寻找的目标”,而不是“被搜查的对象”(这与动词search不同,其宾语是“被搜查的对象”)。这个短语往往作目的状语。例如:

　　I looked everywhere in search of my glasses. 我到处寻找我的眼镜。

　　4. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. 世界上再没有这样优美、恬静的地方了。

　　这是一个部分倒装的句子。一般说来,含有否定或半否定意义的词(如not, no, few, little, hardly, scarcely, never, not only, no longer, not until, by no means等)置于句首时,句子的主谓部分常用部分倒装形式。

　　[原题再现]

　　① Not a single song ________ at yesterday’s party.

　　A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing

　　② Little about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.

　　A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared

　　答案分别是C, B。

　　(文/宫志；英语辅导报高三版2003-2004学年第7期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)