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第一章 解题技巧
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/17 15:29  新浪教育

  考查目标

  “单项选择”历来是中考、高考、会考、竞赛等必考题型之一。内容包罗万象,应有尽有。词汇、语法、固定搭配、日常用语及英语文化背景知识等均在考查范围之列。分值一般在15—20分。考查内容主要有三大块。

  一、词汇

  名词的单复数、所有格;形容词副词的等级变化及用法;人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词的用法;动词的-ing形式、过去式、过去分词等的变化规则;冠词,介词,数词,连词等的用法;短语动词和习惯用语的用法;近义词(如look, see, watch; borrow, lend, keep; take, bring, carry等)的不同用法等。

  二、语法

  简单句的肯定式、否定式和疑问式;各种语法词形变化;从句的种类及作用(状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句);五种常用时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的主要用法和过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的基本用法;动词不定式和被动语态的基本用法;主谓一致及常用固定句型等。

  三、交际用语

  日常交际用语,如感谢、问候、道歉及应答、谈论天气、购物、问路、询问时间和日期、就餐、打电话、看病以及常见标志和说明等。

  命题动态

  一、寓品德教育于英语考查之中——考考你的道德修养。

  1. No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep ______ until we make it. (2003辽宁)

  A. failedB. failingC. triedD. trying

  如果你是个知难而上的人,答案显而易见。(D)

  2. The teacher told her students ______ in public.(2003黑龙江)

  A. not to shoutB. didn’t shoutC. not shoutD. to not shout

  不仅考查英语知识(tell sb. not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事),还要考考文明礼貌。(A)

  二、融时事热点于英语试题之中——是否两耳不闻窗外事?

  1. They have searched the ______ for 3 hours for the information about the Canon camera.(2003辽宁)

  A. TVB. radioC. InternetD. computer

  信息时代,互联网你会用吗?(C)

  2. Eating ______ and doing more sport are good ways to keep SARS away from us. (2003大连)

  A. earlyB. quicklyC. healthilyD. hardly

  要健康,从健康饮食开始。(C)

  三、英语试题知识多元化——考考你的综合运用能力。

  1. Which is the smallest number of the four?(2003河南)

  A. Two-thirdsB. A halfC. A quarterD. Three-fourths

  你会用英语表示分数吗?(C)

  2. Two minors are placed right angles(直角)to each other, and a clock is put in front of the mirror like the picture. The clock is placed facing the mirror like the picture. A person standing in front of the other mirror will see the time is .(2003山东烟台)

  A. 2:35 B. 9:25 C. 11:20 D. 5:50

  

  光学知识派上用场。(A)

  3. Which of the following does paper burn in?(2003山东潍坊)

  A. CO2B. N2C. O2D. H2

  化学常识如何?纸只有在氧气中才能燃烧。(C)

  4. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on ______.(2003兰州)

  A. July 1, 1921B. October 1, 1949

  C. August 1, 1927D. May 1, 1922

  历史知识如何?新中国成立的时间你该不会不知道吧?(B)

  5. Shanghai lies ______ the east of China.(2003河南)

  A. toB. inC. onD. at

  地理知识怎么样?上海位于祖国的什么位置?(B)

  四、中西文化差异现身英语试题——英美文化背景知识知多少?

  1. English people ______ use Mr. before a man’s first name.(2003河南)

  A. neverB. usuallyC. often D. sometimes

  Mr.要用在family name前。(A)

  2. —You look so nice in your new skirt. (2003哈尔滨)

  —______.

  A. Oh, noB. Not at all C. I don’t think soD. Thank you

  别人夸奖、赞赏,英美人表示感谢,而不像我们要谦虚一番。(D)

  五、常见标志试题中出现——你日常生活中可曾见?

  

  

  解题技巧

  一、认真审题,切勿草率。

  1. She’s told the news, ______ she?

  A. isn’t B. hasn’tC. doesn’tD. does

  答案是A。这是个一般现在时的被动语态句子,即“她被告知那个消息”。如不认真审题,就会把she’s told the news看作是现在完成时态的主动语态,而误选B。

  2. Sheep ______ white and milk ______ also white.

  A. is; are B. are; is C. is; isD. are; are

  答案是B。sheep是复数,作主语谓语动词亦用复数式are; milk是不可数名词,作主语谓语动词用单数is。因为sheep单复数同形,如不认真审题,就会误选C。

  二、注意固定搭配和习惯用法

  1. I will have my radio ______ tomorrow.

  A. repairingB. repairedC. to repairD. repair

  答案是B。“have +名词(代词)+ 过去分词”是惯用法,表示“请或让某人做某事”,但不说明到底是请谁做。如果要具体说明“请谁做某事”,要用ask sb. to do sth. 或tell sb. to do sth. 如表示“我将请李平修理收音机”是I’ll ask Li Ping to repair my radio.

  2. The students enjoy ______ after school every day.

  A. playB. to play basketballC. playing basketballD. for playing basketball

  答案是C。enjoy doing something“喜爱做某事”是固定搭配,不可说enjoy to do something。类似结构还有finish doing something, stop doing something等。这类固定搭配不能任意改动,在平时学习中要注意归纳与积累。

  3. This report is well worth ______.

  A. listenB. listen toC. listenD. listening to

  答案是D。be worth doing是固定搭配,表示“……值得(做)”。类似结构还有be busy doing等。

  4. By the way, what makes you ______ I came from Paris?

  A. thinkB. to think C. thoughtD. thinking

  答案是A。make somebody do something表示“使某人做某事”。make后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这种用法的动词还有let, see, hear, feel, find等。如:Let me hear you play.

  三、联系上下文, 捕捉暗示信息。

  1. “Help ______ to some chicken, ” Mum said to our guest.

  A. yourselfB. youC. yoursD. yourselves

  答案是A。从语法角度看,A和D都讲得通,但从Mum said to our guest, 我们可以确定help后应接单数yourself, 而不是复数yourselves.

  2. Jack has ______ friends. He has to stay at home and play by himself.

  A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few

  答案是C。这道题首先排除A和B,因friends是可数名词。C和D都可以修饰可数名词friends, 但从下文He has to stay at home and play by himself.(他只好呆在家里独自玩。)可知,Jack has few friends. “几乎没有朋友”。

  3. I’m ______ the children because it’s time for lunch.

  A. looking at B. looking upC. looking forD. looking after

  答案是C。如果不看从句because it’s time for lunch, 则A、C和D都可以讲得通。但通读全句就会发现只有C是惟一答案。“我在找孩子们,因为该吃午饭了。”

  4. When I got to the cinema, the film ______ for five minutes.

  A. has begunB. has been onC. has begunD. had been on

  答案是D。“我到电影院时,电影已开映5分钟了。”①根据从句确定主句应用过去完成时,因主句动作是在从句所表示的过去动作之前发生的; ②根据for five minutes这一时间状语排除A而选择D。因begin是瞬间性动词,表示转瞬即逝的动作,不能与for 等表示一段时间的状语连用,但可用能表示延续意义的be on短语来表示动作正在进行中。

  5. If you knock into someone, you should say “ ______ ”.

  A. Hello B. Never mind C. I’m sorry D. Nothing

  答案是C。你撞了人,理当道歉。

  四、具体问题具体分析,不要生搬硬套语法规则。

  1. Would you give me ______ water?

  A. anyB. someC. otherD. no

  答案是B。此题易误选A。原因是“any用于疑问句和否定句”这一语法规则在我们脑子里已“根深蒂固”了。殊不知,当问话人期望对方能对自己的问题给予肯定回答时,用some 而不用any。又如: “Shall I get some chalk? ” “Yes, please.”

  2. We’ll go to the park if it ______ tomorrow.

  A. is rainingB. doesn’t rainC. will rainD. won’t rain

  答案是B。此题易受时态一致原则的影响而误选D。在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时或含有将来的意味,从句则用一般现在时,而不用一般将来时。又如Come to see me if you have time. I’ll give it to him as soon as he comes back.

  3. She never tells a lie, ______?

  A. does sheB. doesn’t sheC. does not sheD. does it

  答案是A。此题易误选B。反意疑问句的构成规则是“肯定的陈述+否定的疑问”或“否定的陈述+肯定的疑问。”当陈述部分含有never, hardly, seldom(很少,不经常)等表示否定意义的词时,其附加疑问部分则要用肯定形式。

  4. They told the children that summer ______ after spring.

  A. comes B. comeC. cameD. has come

  答案是A。此题易误选C。如果按时态一致的原则,可选C。但此题不能依据这一原则。原因是summer comes after spring 是客观事实。如果从句是表示客观事实或科学真理的,则要用一般现在时。

  5. This happened ______ the night of March 4, 1980.

  A. inB. onC. to D. at

  答案是B。此题易误选D。“在晚上”是at night, “在傍晚”是in the evening。 on the night of ...则表示“在具体某天的晚上。”

  五、符合语法,但不能有悖于事实和情理。

  1. “The Changjiang River isn’t the longest river in China, is it?” “ ______ ”.

  A. Yes, it is B. No, it isn’tC. No, it isD. Yes, it isn’t

  答案是A。此题易受汉语影响而误选C。B虽符合语法,但与事实相悖。因为长江是中国最长的河流。

  2. Rose is ______ to answer the question correctly.

  A. enough cleverB. too cleverC. very cleverD. clever enough

  答案是D。B是符合语法,但不符合逻辑。“罗斯太聪明了,不能正确回答这个问题。”怎么可能呢?显然是矛盾的。

  3. You’d better ______ your coat. It’s cold here.

  A. put onB. put up C. take downD. take off

  答案是A。“这儿冷,你最好穿上大衣。”D虽符合语法,但不合乎情理。

  4. Bob’s wife thought Bob ______ the wallet, so she brought it over to him.

  A. will needB. won’t needC. would needD. wouldn’t need

  答案是C。D也符合语法,但不合乎逻辑。试想,如果鲍勃的妻子以为鲍勃“用不着”钱包,那么又为什么她还把钱包给他送来呢?

  六、注意中西文化差异,切忌汉语式英语。

  1. —How beautiful your drawing is!

  —______.

  A. I don’t think soB. Thank you very much

  C. No, it isn’t beautifulD. Please don’t say so.

  答案是B。别人对你夸奖,赞美,理应表示感谢。此题易受汉语影响,而误选C。A、D的说法汉语也是常见的。不符合英语语言习惯。

  2. — You’ve given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mr. Huang.

  —______

  A. Oh, I’m afraid I didn’t cook well.B. I’m glad you enjoyed it.

  C. It’s not necessary for you to say so.D. It doesn’t matter.

  答案是B。A、C两项很明显是汉语式英语,因为中国人一向谦虚,但不符合英美人表达习惯。D项是对对方表示感谢或道歉时的答语,在此不符题意。近几年来各地中考试题常涉及到考查中西方文化差异的背景知识。做此类题时一定要遵循英美文化习俗。

  七、注意学科渗透,巧解常识试题。

  1. If H2 burns(燃烧)in O2, we can get ______ .

  A. H2B. H2OC. O2D. H2O2

  答案是B。 根据有关化学知识可知,H2(氢气)在O2(氧气)中燃烧会产生H2O(水)。

  2. Last month, students had to have their lessons by Internet ______ because of SARS.

  A. on the playground B. at homeC. in the streetD. near the hospital

  答案是B。如果仅从语法角度来看,该题四个选项都符合要求。但如联系到“非典”这一“非常”时期,就不难找出正确选项B。

  3. Look at the picture first. If country A is experiencing summer, what is the season in country B?

  A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn D. Winter.

  答案是D。会看地球仪吗?当北半球是夏季,南半球是什么季节?

  

  答案分别是BDA。平时要留心那些用英语写的广告、海报、产品说明书以及日常生活中所能接触到的英文标识、标志、告示等,以积累这方面的知识。

  近年来很多省市中考试卷中频频出现与学生生活密切相关,反映社会热点,跨学科的新新试题,考查学生利用所学知识,综合分析问题、解决问题的能力。


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