请同学们先看下列高考试题及其解析:

　　典型题例一:

　　1. —How long has this bookshop been in business?

　　—________ 1982. (NMET 1994)

　　A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since

　　析:D。 根据How long的语境含义及现在完成时的时态特点,该空应填Since,表示“自从”。

　　2. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station ________ 5:40 pm at the latest. (NMET 1997)

　　A. untilB. afterC. byD. around

　　析:C。分析语境逻辑可知,该空应填by,表示“到……为止”。

　　3. —You are so lucky.

　　—What do you mean ________ that? (NMET 2002北京春季)

　　A. forB. inC. ofD. by

　　析:D。分析语境含义可知,该空应填by,表“通过”。

　　4. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen ________ 20 percent. (NMET 1999上海)

　　A. byB. atC. toD. with

　　析:A。该空表示增长幅度,应填by。

　　5. The sunlight came in ________ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. (NMET 2001上海)

　　A. throughB. acrossC. onD. over

　　析:A。该空表示通过(窗户),应填through。

　　6. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________ an inch. (NMET 2002上海)

　　A. byB. atC. toD. from

　　析:A。该空表偏离幅度,应填by。

　　总结归纳:以上各题都是根据语境填入适当的介词。高考英语试题常设置特定语境考查热点介词的用法,这些介词常表示时间、手段、幅度、动作等。

　　应对方法:认真分析语境逻辑推断空档含义,根据空档含义及语境选择适当的介词。

　　典型题例二:

　　1. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard —________, you failed. (NMET 1999)

　　A. in the endB. after allC. in other wordsD. at the same time

　　析:C。空档前后内容含义相同,应填in other words。

　　2. For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree ________. (NMET 1997上海)

　　A. in sightB. on earthC. at a distanceD. in place

　　析:A。该空表示视野范围之内,应填in sight。

　　3. —You seem to show interest in cooking.

　　—What? ________, I’m getting tired of it. (NMET 2000上海春季)

　　A. On the contrary B. To the contrary C. On the other hand D. To the other hand

　　析:A。由What? 和I’m getting tired of it.的语境含义及逻辑可知,该空表示否定含义,应填On the contrary。

　　总结归纳:以上三道题都是根据语境填介词短语。高考英语试题常设置特定语境考查热点介词短语的用法,这些介词短语常以介词+宾语的形式出现。

　　应对方法: 分析语境逻辑推断空档含义,再根据空档含义及语境背景选择适当的介词短语。

　　典型题例三:

　　1. We offered him our congratulations ____ __ his passing the college entrance exams. (NMET 1993)

　　A. atB. onC. forD. of

　　析:B。congratulate或congratulations后常与on连用,表示“对……祝贺”。

　　2. I wanted two seats ________ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets. (NMET 1998上海)

　　A. ofB. aboutC. toD. for

　　析:D。……比赛 / 电影 / 戏剧的座位,应用...seat for...。

　　总结归纳:以上两道题都是根据短语搭配填介词。高考英语试题设置特定语境考查考生根据短语搭配确定特定介词的能力,这些短语常以名词 + 介词形式出现。

　　应对方法:根据短语搭配的需要,结合语言环境确定适用的介词。

　　典型题例四:

　　1. ________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET 2000)

　　A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through

　　析: With + 名词 + 副词构成独立主格结构,作原因状语,故选C。

　　2. The home improvements have taken what little there is ________ my spare time. (NMET 2001)

　　A. fromB. inC. ofD. at

　　析: C。 have taken what little there is ________ my spare time可化简为 have taken little ________ my spare time。显然,应填of,表示所有格。

　　3. The suit fitted him well ________ the colour was a little brighter. (NEMT 2000上海春季)

　　A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides

　　析:B。分析语境含义可知,该空表示“除了”,the colour was a little brighter为宾语从句且含义已完整,因此应使用无义连词that。

　　总结归纳:以上三道题都是根据句子结构填介词。高考英语试题还设置特定语境考查考生根据句子结构确定特定介词的能力,这种试题常将含介词的固定结构进行变形重组,而因具有较强的创新性。

　　应对方法:分析句子结构结合适当语境确定适用的介词。

　　典型题例五:

　　1. And I can’t forget the food you cooked for __I__. (NMET 1995短文改错)

　　析:for为介词,后面应接宾格人称代词,I应改为me。

　　2. I look forward to hear from you soon. (NMET 1994短文改错)

　　析:look forward to中的to是介词,后面应接动名词,hear应改为hearing。

　　3. I wanted to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (NMET 1995短文改错)

　　析:for为介词,此处其后面应接动名词,have应改为having。

　　4. Because of so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (NMET 2003北京春季短文改错)

　　析:of为介词,此处其后面应接动名词,read应改为reading。

　　总结归纳:以上四道题都是判断介词宾语的表现形式。高考英语短文改错题常设置特定语境考查考生对介词宾语表现形式的判断,这种试题常要求考生判断代词和动词作介词宾语的正确形式。

　　应对方法:增强介词后面通常要使用宾格人称代词的意识和介词后面通常要使用动名词而不使用不定式的意识。

　　(文/韩长平；英语通高三版2004-2005学年第12期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)