该不该谴责贫富差距：收入与移民

　　Another non-nefarious cause of increasing income disparity may be our ever-higher immigration rates. Immigrants tend to cluster in low-and high-income groups. Thus it is no surprise that in the seven most unequal states--New York, Arizona, New Mexico, Louisiana, California, Rhode Island and Texas--about 13 percent of the population is foreign-born(in California, it's 25 percent). Among the seven states with the smallest income disparities, the immigrant population is only 3.8 percent.

　　造成收入差距加大的另一个不可指责的原因或许是攀升的移民率。移民们趋于集中在低收入和高收入的两个群体中。因此，人们对下面这种情况就不会感到奇怪了。在收入最不平均的7个州--纽约、亚利桑那、新

　　The shift away from manufacturing is also a factor. Service workers span the gamut from hotel maids to brain surgeons, while the pay range is generally narrower in the manufacturing sector. States that are industrial tend to have more equal distributions of income. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that about 10 percent of workers in Arizona, Louisiana and New York have manufacturing jobs, whereas in more equal states like Indiana and Wisconsin the figure is 23 percent.

　　劳动力从制造领域的转出也是原因之一。服务领域的工作者可既包括酒店服务生又包括脑科手术医生。而制造业中的工资差别可就小得多了，因而工业州的收入分配更趋于平均化。劳动统计局的数据表明，在亚利桑那州、路易斯安那州和纽约州10%的劳动者从事制造业工作，而在收入较平均的州，如印地安那州和威斯康星州，这个数字是23%。