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双语新闻:男女大脑间重大差异新发现Women's brains are different from men's [1]Men and women show differences in behaviour because their brains are physically distinct organs, new research suggests. Male and female brains appear to be constructed from markedly different genetic blueprints。 [2]The differences in the circuitry1 that wires them up and the chemicals that transmit messages inside them are so great as to point to the conclusion that there is not just one kind of human brain, but two, according to recent neurological2 studies。 [3]Men may be from Mars and women may be from Venus, and since the American psychotherapist3 John Gray wrote his famous book, in 1992, on the idea, it has been a commonplace to think of men and women as being from different planets in terms of their emotional responses。 [4] But until recently, these differences were often explained by the action of adult sex hormones, or by social pressures that encouraged males and females to behave in a certain way。 [5]Increasingly, however, these assumptions are being challenged, according to a review of recent neurological research appearing in recent New Scientist magazine, and it is becoming clear that the brains of men and women show numerous anatomical4 differences。 [6]Some of these divergences, the review by Hannah Hoag suggests, could explain a number of mysteries, such as why men and women are prone to different mental health problems, why some drugs work well for one sex but have little effect on the other, and why chronic pain tends to affect women more than men。 [7]Although it has long been known that there were some male-female differences, it was thought they were confined to the hypothalamus5, the brain region involved in regulating food intake, fighting and the sex drive, among other things. But it is becoming clear that the relative sizes of many of the structures inside female brains are different from those of males。 [8]One study, by scientists at Harvard Medical School, found that parts of the frontal lobe6, which houses decisionmaking and problemsolving functions, were proportionally larger in women, as was the limbic cortex, which regulates emotions. Other studies have found that the hippocampus7, involved in shortterm memory and spatial navigation, is also proportionally larger in women than in men "perhaps surprisingly, given women's reputation as bad map readers" says the New Scientist review。 [9]Proportionally larger brain areas in men include the parietal cortex, which processes signals from the sensory organs and is involved in space perception, and the amygdala8, which controls emotions and social and sexual behaviour. "The mere fact that a structure is different in size suggests a difference in functional organisation," says Dr Larry Cahill of the Centre for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, at the University of California, Irvine。 [10]One area of research concerns the brain's painsuppressing mechanisms, and points to the fact that they may be organised differently in men and women. This would explain why women can suffer longterm pain more, and why there can be sex differences in response to opiumderived 网友评论
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