中国十大百年品牌:那些年我们用的张小泉

2012年11月18日14:01  福布斯中文版    

  许多当年名冠四方的中国老品牌早已衰败,甚至消失殆尽;但也有那么十来个品牌依旧风生水起,例如茅台、双妹和老凤祥等。上海交通大学[微博]品牌研究所所长余明阳说:“中国有15,000个老品牌,有1,500个还活着,150个活的还算不错,但只有10个能够称得上活的很好。”

  死掉的自然是因为不思变革,被时代洪流冲走了;但活下的却有着各自不同的存活之道。10月25日,福布斯列举了中国十大百年品牌,风生水起中自有浴火重生的秘笈。下面就让我们一起来看看这十大品牌都有哪些:

  According to the director of the Brand Research Center with Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SHJT), of China's 15,000 traditional brands, only 1,500 are still in business. Yet out of these 1,500, only ten are doing quite well at the moment。

  Over the course of China's extensive history, traditional Chinese culture and brands naturally have to deal with ups and downs. In order to survive and prosper, these ten brands must not only retain their competitive edge, but also keep up with the times。

蝴蝶缝纫机 [左图:forbeschina.com 右图:51fengrenji.com]蝴蝶缝纫机 [左图:forbeschina.com 右图:51fengrenji.com]

  品牌诞生年代:1919年,上海

  曾经八十年代结婚必备的“三大件”之一就是蝴蝶牌缝纫机。它是一个时代的身影。

  1919年,民族资本家沈玉山创建了协昌缝纫机厂,开始生产蝴蝶牌缝纫机。1966年, “蝴蝶”正式成为该厂缝纫机产品的商标,并在全国声名鹊起。上世纪80年代,“蝴蝶”迎来了历史上的鼎盛时期。当时,全国有80多家缝纫机制造厂,几百家零件配套厂,而中国缝纫机产量的峰值曾一度达到过1,287万台这个数字。那时,上海市一名普通工人的月工资不过三四十元,一台缝纫机要150元,但只要能分到一张票,人们一定会毫不犹豫地买下那台刻着金色蝴蝶花纹的黑色缝纫机。但在进入90年末期后,成衣市场风生水起,缝纫机市场也相应没落,很少再有人愿意在家缝制衣服了。上海的家用缝纫机厂难以为生。

  但 “蝴蝶”并未死,它与“蜜蜂”等商标于2000年被上工股份收购,交给了进出口公司,开始转向外销市场。虽然利润严重紧缩,但是这个品牌确实是世界上销量最好的两款缝纫机械之一,另一个品牌是美国胜家。从2000年到2008年期间,“蝴蝶”的海外年销量约为44万到近60万台。它的最大需求地是非洲,占

  “蝴蝶”全部海外销量的50%。近几年,“蝴蝶”收购了德国专做工业用缝制设备及自动化缝纫装置的上市公司杜克普,将目光投向了欧美市场的工业缝纫市场。

  Established in: 1919

  Headquarters: Shanghai

  Product: Sewing machine

  In 1919, national capitalist Shen Yushan established the Xiechang Sewing Machine Company in Shanghai, and began producing sewing machines named "Butterfly" in 1966. In the 1990s, the highest annual output of the Butterfly sewing machine reached 1.4 million, and demand always managed to exceed supply. In 2000, after experiencing a few years of decline, Butterfly was purchased by Shanghai Shanggong Shenbei Group, who expanded their business to over 120 countries and regions in Europe and America。

冠生园食品 [资料图]冠生园食品 [资料图]

  品牌诞生年代:1915年,上海

  即使是在94年后,“冠生园”三个字依然随处可见。冠生园的蜂蜜在上海市场占有率高达70%,在中国瓶装蜂蜜市场占有率排第一位。另外“大白兔”奶糖也是其旗下品牌,畅销四十多个国家和地区,甚至成为几代人的甜蜜记忆。

  1918年,民族资本家冼冠生(原名冼柄生)在上海开了一家自产自销糖果、蜜饯和各类糕点的食品店,店名为“冠生园”。由于冼冠生非常注重广告宣传,所以冠生园在短短几年后就成为上海滩上响当当的金字招牌,它的果子露和牛肉干成了上海时尚青年最喜爱的食品。1928年,冼冠生沿江而下,在南京、武汉、成都、昆明等沿江城市开设了十几家分店。1934年,当年的电影皇后胡蝶为力士香皂拍广告不久后,被冠生园邀请去为其月饼展销会剪彩,并与冠生园特大月饼合影。随后,胡蝶与冠生园特大月饼合影的巨幅广告传遍上海滩,冼冠生也因此成为上海滩的“月饼大王”。到1949年,冠生园在全国各地设分店37家,已发展成为当时中国最大的食品企业。

  解放后公私合营,冼氏控股的冠生园股份有限公司解体,更名为冠生园食品厂,其原先的分店散落各地,与上海冠生园再无联系。

  冠生园集团拥有“冠生园”和“大白兔”两大商标,主要生产和经营大白兔糖果、冠生园蜂制品、华佗十全酒、佛手调味品等上千个品种的产品。年销售额约60亿元。

  Established in: 1915

  Headquarters: Shanghai

  Product: Food

  Shanghai businessman Xian Guansheng opened a food shop called Guan Sheng Yuan in 1915, selling self-made candy, glace fruit and cookies. By 1928, Guan Sheng Yuan had become one of the most famous food brands in Southeast China, with over ten branches throughout Jiangsu, Hubei and Sichuan provinces. Nowadays, the Guan Sheng Yuan Group has evolved from a national brand into a joint venture by Shanghai Yimin Food Group and CITIC Capital. Its main products include White Rabbit Creamy Candy, Guan Sheng Yuan Honey, Hua Tuo Tonic Wine and Fo Shou Condiments。

双妹化妆品 [左图:hzpzs888.com 右图:back-a.com]双妹化妆品 [左图:hzpzs888.com 右图:back-a.com]

  品牌诞生年代:1898年,香港

  1898年,广生行创始人冯福田在香港创立双妹,融汇中西美妆方略。1903年,双妹进驻上海,在塘山路成立上海发行所。七年后,双妹就入驻了南京路475号,占据了当时最高端的时尚地标。1915年,双妹不负众望,斩获美国巴拿马世博会金奖。中国民国时任总统黎元洪为其亲笔题词“材美工巧,尽态极妍”;而当时的巴黎时尚界用“VIVE(极致)”盛赞双妹的完美。上世界50年代,中国公私合营之后,双妹在大陆逐渐停产。直到国货潮兴起,上海家化于2010年重新启用“双妹”品牌。

  2010年,时逢上海世博盛会,上海家化携手法国产品开发团队和蒋友柏设计团队,重新激活这个百年国货品牌,将双妹打造成以上海名媛文化为个性的高端时尚跨界品牌。

  Established in: 1898

  Headquarters: Shanghai

  Product: Cosmetics

  Feng Futian founded Guang Sheng Hang Household Chemical Company, predecessor of Shanghai Jahwa, in 1898 in Hong Kong and began producing cosmetics under the VIVE brand. The products had gone on sale in Shanghai in 1903 and within seven years became the most popular cosmetics there. In the 1950s, Guang Sheng Hang transformed itself into a public-private corporation and VIVE cosmetics gradually vanished from the Chinese mainland. In 2010, the brand was brought back by Shanghai Jahwa and DEM Inc., which started producing luxury beauty products again for fashionable ladies。

张裕葡萄酒 [左图:xplus.com 右图:cqxijiu.com]张裕葡萄酒 [左图:xplus.com 右图:cqxijiu.com]

  品牌诞生年代:1892年,烟台

  1871年清朝末年某个夏夜,在印尼雅加达的的法国领事馆酒会上,张弼士与法国领事的一番闲谈,让烟台荒郊的葡萄园成为了他的一桩心事。这位法国领事谈到,苦于征战的法国士兵用郊外的野葡萄酿酒后口感极佳,梦想战后留在这里做葡萄酒生意。此后,张弼士在公务之余开始考察烟台的葡萄园种植和土壤水文状情况。十九年后,他投资300万两白银创办了张裕酿酒公司。那个时候,他一定没有预料到这个品牌的生命力比任何政权更加顽强,它穿越了重重战火、历经数次接管和政权更迭仍旧屹立不倒,并且日益发展壮大。

  现在,张裕已经发展成为中国乃至亚洲最大的葡萄酒生产经营企业。2009年底,张裕在宁夏青铜峡市新增种植园2.4万亩,成为其第二大生产基地。今年,张裕的品牌价值约为90亿人民币。

  张裕公司的百年大酒窖素有亚洲奇观之美称,当年前后建了3次,历时11年才完成。沿螺旋式的石级下行数米,便来到了地下大酒窖。该酒窖始建于1894年, 沉入地下7米,低于海拔1米,整体方位 北距海边不到100米,占地2,666平方米。酒窖虽傍海所建,又低于海平面,但不渗漏,四季常温14摄氏度左右。酒窖用中国传统烧制的大青石砌成,纵横交 错,共有8个幽深的拱洞。拱洞交错连环,有如迷宫,无人指点难以找到出口。

  Established in: 1892

  Headquarters: Yantai, Shandong

  Product: Wine

  In 1892, ChangYu Winemaking Corporation was founded by Zhang Bishi in Yantai, east of Shandong Province. Featuring the biggest underground wine cellar in Southeast Asia and a group of winemaking experts from different countries, the brand now has become one of the biggest and most renowned corporations in all of China, mainly focusing on the production and sales of wine. By late 2009, ChangYu built its second largest production base in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. As of 2012, its brand value has reached about 9 billion yuan (US$1.44 billion)。

全聚德烤鸭 [forbeschina.com]全聚德烤鸭 [forbeschina.com]

  品牌诞生年代:1864年,北京

  全聚德始建于1864年(清同治三年),至今已有140年的历史,创始人是河北冀县人杨全仁,以做北京烤鸭闻名,其首创的挂炉烤鸭,色香味都更优于原来的焖炉烤鸭。1952年公私合营后,全聚德新设了分号,扩建了老店。原中国总理周恩来曾多次把全聚德“全鸭席”选为国宴。1993年,中国北京全聚德集团的成立翻开了全聚德历史的崭新一页。

  经过长期发展,如今的全聚德形成了以独具特色的全聚德烤鸭为龙头,集“全鸭席”和400多道特色菜品于一体的全聚德菜系,在中国餐饮业500强中,全聚德 排名为中式正餐之首,被誉为“中华第一吃”。其全年营业额有7亿多人民币,每年销售烤鸭300余万只,接待宾客500多万人次。

  Established in: 1864

  Headquarters: Beijing

  Product: Restaurant

  To some extent, Quanjude can be considered as a symbol of Beijing, since its roast duck is something you mustn't miss when travelling here. Quanjude was founded by Yang Quanren in 1864 featuring making gualu roast duck (duck roasted over a fire). Its well-known All-Duck Banquet, headed by roast duck and boasting more than 400 other dishes, is also world famous. In May of 1993, Beijing Quanjude Group was set up and presently holds over 60 company-owned and franchised restaurants throughout the country。

老凤祥珠宝 [左图:jxlh.net 右图:nipic.com]老凤祥珠宝 [左图:jxlh.net 右图:nipic.com]

  品牌诞生年代:1848年,上海

  老凤祥无疑是目前为止最成功的百年品牌之一。但1848年,老凤祥初创之时,还只是一个前店铺后工厂的小作坊,店铺设在上海大东门大街。历经百年洗礼,上世纪二三十年代时,老凤祥已经成为中国九大银楼之一,以制作金银首饰、中西器皿、徽章珠翠、珐琅镀金等闻名。

  由于近百年来的政权更迭、经济大动荡,老凤祥一度歇业,后几经重组改制。1992年老凤祥上市上交所。1998年,中国第一铅笔股份有限公司投资控股“老凤祥”,并最终在2009年,“中国第一铅笔”正式更名为“老凤祥股份”。 如今的老凤祥拥有上海门店70多家,全国连锁银楼、专卖店近千家,其城隍庙旗舰店更是坐拥5千多平方米,是全国独立品牌银楼之最。而其公司旗下也有老凤祥银楼、老凤祥首饰研究所、老凤祥珠宝首饰、老凤祥钻石加工中心等20多家子公司,和4个专业分厂。

  老凤祥今年上半年净利润约3亿人民币,比上年同期增长约11%。

  Established in: 1848

  Headquarters: Shanghai

  Product: Jewelry

  Started from a small workshop in 1848, Lao Feng Xiang is the oldest national brand originating from Shanghai. During the 1920s and 1930s, Lao Feng Xiang boasted one of the nine most famous jewelry shops in all of China. In 1992, the Shanghai Laofengxiang Co. Ltd. went public at the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE). The company currently has over 70 shops in Shanghai and almost 1000 throughout the country. During the first half of 2012, the company's net profits reached around 300 million yuan (US$48.03 million), up by 11 percent year-on-year。

谢馥春化妆品 [左图:xmwb.cn 右图:dianping.com]谢馥春化妆品 [左图:xmwb.cn 右图:dianping.com]

  品牌诞生年代:1830年,扬州

  清道光十年,江南扬州一家香粉铺子的鸭蛋粉面世,飞速传遍大江南北,被奉为清廷贡粉。这家香粉铺子就是谢馥春。1915年,谢馥春曾荣获美国巴拿马万国博览会的银质奖章,成为当时的中国化妆第一品牌。

  近两百年来,政权几经更迭,中国经济几番改制,但是这个中华老字号品牌并没有随着历史的洪流消失殆尽。1988年,扬州谢馥春日用化工厂年度总产值1,000万,占扬州市化妆品行业的80%以上。1991年,它曾被作为礼品赠送给朝鲜领导人金日成。2003年,谢馥春曾因生产萎缩为歇业清算。但是短短两年之后,这个百年品牌重生,回归公众视野。

  历经两百年,谢馥春几乎维持着原本的样貌:天然成分、纸盒素描、青花瓷瓶;似乎也没有变革的打算。现在的它当然不复当年风光,但是也并不衰败。二十岁的小姑娘也是为数不少的青睐者。现在谢馥春主要分布在中国各大古镇和景区商业街。另外,它也顺应了电商时代,在淘宝开了自家旗舰店。谢馥春虽为变革,却抓住了终端市场。这也要是它的存活之道。

  Established in: 1830

  Headquarters: Yangzhou, Jiangsu

  Product: Cosmetics

  Founded in 1830 by Xie Hongye in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, Xie Fu Chun is the oldest cosmetics brand in China. After receiving a Silver Medal at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition held in San Fran, Xie Fu Chun achieved worldwide fame and became the No. 1 cosmetic brand throughout the country. In 1988, the total output of the company reached 10 million yuan (US$1.6 million 2012 USD), accounting for over 80 percent of the total number of Yangzhou's cosmetics industry. After two years of suspension, the brand was revived by Yangzhou Xiefuchun Cosmetics Co. Ltd. in October 2005.

茅台酒 [左图:esunny.com 右图:showchina.org]茅台酒 [左图:esunny.com 右图:showchina.org]

  品牌诞生年代:1704年,茅台镇

  中国国酒贵州茅台无疑是荣誉、赚钱两不误的百年品牌。1915至今,茅台酒共获得15次国际金奖。其中,1915年在美国巴拿马世博会上“一摔成名”更是被传为佳话。

  茅台酒的名讳正式诞生是在1704年(康熙四十二年)。贵州茅台镇盛产名酒是自古以来的事情;直到明末清初,茅台镇独步天下的回沙酱香型白酒已臻成型。康熙四十二年,茅台白酒以品牌的形式大量涌现,例如“回沙茅台”、“茅春”、“茅台烧春”。其中,偈盛烧房将其生产的白酒正式定名为“茅台酒”。

  而现在的贵州茅台酒厂成立于1953年,是贵州省委将当时最大的恒兴烧房收购,并将另外两家烧房合并进来后,成立的国营茅台酒厂。2001年贵州茅台亿31.39元的发行价在A股上市,现在股价已经翻了近十倍,股价接近250元;并且曾经以500元的惊人股价一览众山小,成为历史上最贵的牛股。今年上半年,贵州茅台净利润高达70亿人民币,比上年同期增长约43%。

  “限酒令”限不了茅台酒。历史文化如何变迁,中国人对白酒的钟爱却始终不减,茅台酒的醇香以及悠久的历史令其国酒地位日益稳固、长盛不衰、价格居高不下。相应的,中国也需要茅台酒这样一个百年招牌稳固其日益衰败的民族文化。

  Established in: 1704

  Headquarters: Guizhou

  Product: Alcohol

  Moutai is no doubt the richest and best known traditional Chinese brand in the world. Produced in Moutai County, Guizhou Province, Moutai was the first liquor in Chinese history to be produced in a large scale during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). With its pure and mellow taste, the alcohol is classified as being sauce-fragranced --jiangxiang in Chinese. Over the past few years, Moutai prices have been rising rapidly. Some people even think Moutai is more than just liquor and consider it a type of investment asset. In December 2010, a bottle of 1958 Moutai was auctioned off for a massive 1.45 million yuan (US$232,290 2012 USD), making it the most expensive alcohol in world history。

同仁堂药店 [左图:shouduren.com 右图:bozhou.cn]同仁堂药店 [左图:shouduren.com 右图:bozhou.cn]

  品牌诞生年代:1669年,北京

  提到中药,就会想到同仁堂,这无疑是中国最负盛名的老药铺。明朝永乐年间,同仁堂的创办人乐显扬的曾祖父乐良举家迁往京城北京,以走街串巷、行医卖药为生。乐显扬是乐家第四代传人,早期也是铃医,后在皇宫太医院出任出纳文书吏目,收集大量的宫廷秘方、古方、民间验方及祖传秘方。康熙八年(1669年)乐显扬始创同仁堂,位于西打磨厂。1723年,同仁堂开始供奉御药,历经八代皇帝188年。

  历经数代、载誉300余年的北京同仁堂,如今已发展成为大型国有企业。这块金字招牌三百年屹立不倒,很重要的一部分原因是其长期以来严把选料关,不管冬寒夏暑坚持为病人煎药等铁的原则。1997年北京同仁堂在上交所上市,2011年实现净利润4.3亿。当然,中国的中药文化长青是同仁堂的生命线。

  Established in: 1669

  Headquarters: Beijing

  Product: Traditional Chinese medicine

  Tong Ren Tang was founded by Yue Xianyang in 1669, the 8th year under the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Since 1723, Tong Ren Tang had been in charge of providing medicine to the royal pharmacy of the Qing Dynasty and did so for 188 consecutive years. After a 343-year-long development, the drug store has now become a leader and the largest producer of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, Tong Ren Tang consists of three sectors: Modern pharmaceuticals, retail business and medical services. According to the company manager, Tong Ren Tang is aiming to double the number of its retail outlets overseas to 100 by 2015.

张小泉剪刀 [左图:hudong.com 右图:forbeschina.com]张小泉剪刀 [左图:hudong.com 右图:forbeschina.com]

  品牌诞生年代:1663年,杭州

  明崇祯年间,安徽黄山黔县人张小泉率子张近高来杭州大井巷生产祖传剪刀。因采用浙江龙泉的好钢作原料,打磨工艺又精湛,样式精美,经久耐用,因而远近闻名。这时,它的牌名还是“张大隆”。直到清康熙二年(1663年)才改名“张小泉”。乾隆年间,“张小泉”剪刀已列为贡品。1915年曾在美国巴拿马世博会上获得银质奖章。

  自古有“南有张小泉,中有曹正兴,北有王麻子”的说法。只是历史无情,曾经的剪刀三状元,今日也唯有张小泉屹立不倒。中日战争之后,中国国内百废待兴。 1956年,在时任中国国家主席毛泽东的号召,中央政府拨款40万元重建杭州张小泉剪刀厂。在张小泉几代继承人的带领下,张小泉最高年产量曾达到4,200 万把。时至今日,它的产品种类发展壮大,包括家用剪、工农业园林剪、服装剪、美容美发剪、旅游礼品剪、刀具系列等共100多个品种,400多个规格。张小 泉在中国国内市场覆盖率和占有率一直居同行之首,同时产品还远销东南亚、欧美等地区。

  上图是张小泉的金牌工人施金水(左)展示其传统锻造工艺。2002年-2007年,他曾先后向新加坡、韩国、日本、中央电视台等十余中外电视台演示张小泉剪刀锻制技艺。

  Established in: 1663

  Headquarters: Hangzhou, Zhejiang

  Product: Scissors

  The history of Zhang Xiao Quan Scissors can be traced back to 1663, the second year of Emperor Kangxi's reign of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). In the very beginning, the scissors were called Zhang Da Long; the company changed its name to the current version in 1663. Under the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1735--1796), the scissors were designated tributes to the imperial court. In 1915, they won a Silver Medal at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition held in San Francisco. In 1956, the central government allocated 40,000 yuan to rebuild the scissor factory which led to a revival of the old brand. Nowadays, there are more than 100 scissor varieties on sale in the company's shops, and the brand is also available in several Southeast Asian, European and American countries。

分享到:
意见反馈 电话:010-62675178保存  |  打印  |  关闭

猜你喜欢

换一换