卷福使用种族歧视词惹争议

　　导语：近日，卷福因在访谈中使用含有种族歧视的词语“coloured”(有色人种)而饱受争议，尽管他本想强调英国演艺界中种族不平等的现象。用词有风险，同志需谨慎，例如，常见的“special”就往往含有贬义。

神探夏洛克

　　1、Gay

　　同志

　　Once, this word meant 'happy' -think Victorian children dancing prettily around a maypole。

　　这个词的本义是“愉悦的”，你可以想象维多利亚时代的小孩儿在五朔节(每年的5月1日，是北半球的春季节日)花柱欢快起舞的场景。

　　Now, the common word for 'homosexual'can also be used to mean 'pathetic'. Many young people (this is often a millennial thing) still have a hangover from the playground and utter sentences such as 'that's so gay' - meaning 'that's lame'。

　　如今，“gay”既可以表示“同性恋”(homosexual)，也可以表示“可悲”(pathetic)。许多年轻人（20世纪开始）在夜场宿醉之后仍然会说“that's so gay”，意为“太逊了”。

　　Use this instead: C**p

　　替换词语：C**p

阿甘正传

　　2、Retarded

　　迟钝

　　‘Retard’ as a verb originally meant to ‘delay or hold back in terms of progress or development’。

　　作为一个动词，“retard”本义是“拖延进度”。

　　But the noun is used as an offensive term used to describe a person with a mental disability, or to suggest that someone is being stupid。

　　但作为名词，它也可以是贬义，指某个人智力残疾或暗示其很笨。

　　Use this instead: Twit。

　　替换词语：Twit。

开膛手杰克

　　3、Rapey

　　强奸的

　　It’s OK to use the words ‘rape’or ‘rapist’ in context. But the invented adjective ‘rapey’ is an unwelcome knock-on effect。

　　如果有上下文，我们是可以使用“rape”(强奸)或者“rapist”(强奸犯)的。但是，由此引申出来的形容词“rapey”却是不合时宜的。

　　Typically it's used by people to describe someone who might look like a rapist，is acting in a lecherous way, or a potentially sinister situation ("that alley is really rapey"). It might sound harmless, but it can trivialise a serious crime。

　　通常来讲，repay主要用来指那些行为淫荡，看起来像强奸犯的人，或者指某种可能引发犯罪的场合(例如：那条小巷很“rapey”)。尽管可能听起来没什么恶意，但却可能引发重大犯罪事件。

　　Use this instead: Creepy。

　　替换词语：Creepy

　　4、Spastic

　　麻痹患者

　　As with ‘retard’ this term is often used to describe people with disabilities, in a derogatory way。

　　跟“retard”一样，“spastic”经常用来指那些身有残疾的人，暗含贬义。

　　It was in the 1990s that it started to be employed as an insult, mostly to describe someone clumsy: such as‘you spaz’ or ‘you’re so spastic.’

　　上个世纪90年代，“spastic”开始含有侮辱的意思，经常指某人很蠢，例如“you spaz“ 或者 “you’re so spastic”。

　　Such was the impact of this, that charity The Spastics Society changed its name to Scope in 1994,in an attempt say something more positive about disability。

　　受此影响，1994年，慈善机构“The Spastics Society”把自己的名字改成“Scope”，试图用更正面的词去表示残疾。

　　Use this instead: Clumsy

　　替换词语：Clumsy

　　5、Paedo

　　恋童癖者

　　‘Paedo’ is a shortened term for a‘paedophile’ – but it’s also often used as a joke. For example, if a guy has a younger girlfriend. Or if someone takes their young nieces and nephews to the park。

　　“Paedo”是单词“paedophile”的缩写，但有时也用作玩笑。例如，某人有个年轻的女朋友或者某人带自己小侄子小侄女去公园。

　　Making light of such a horrendous offence is something that needs to stop。

　　然而，我们不应当随随便便开这种恶意的玩笑。

　　Use this instead: Just don’t -unless you’re describing a real child sex offender。

　　替换词语：不要使用，除非你要用它指那些儿童性侵犯者。

哈利波特：赫敏

　　6、Half-caste

　　混血儿

　　This term was traditionally used to describe people who of mixed heritage, but its literal meaning is‘half-pure’。

　　这个词语原本是指混血儿，但其字面意思是“血统不纯”(还记得《哈利波特》中的赫敏吗)。

　　That's not cool. Avoid it, so you don't come across as racially ignorant。

　　这样看来，这个词就不是那么合适了。如果你不想被认为种族歧视，就不要使用这个词语。

　　Use this instead: Mixed race。

　　替换词语：Mixed race。

　　7、Cretin

　　白痴病患者

　　This one might seem a bitoutdated - hence safer. But it's true meaning is little known。

　　今天看来，这个词似乎因为有点过时而不会引发那么多争议。但是，很少有人知道它的真正含义。

　　The seemingly harmless word for'idiot' actually refers to someone with ‘cretinism’ – a congenital disease。

　　作为“idiot”(白痴)的中性说法，Cretin其实是指那些患有先天性 “呆小症”的人。

　　Use this instead: Stupid。

　　替换词语：Stupid。

　　8、Dyke

　　女同性恋者

　　While ‘lesbian’ refers to a homosexual women, the word ‘dyke’ has crept up as an offensive synonym。

　　与“lesbian”相比，“dyke”暗含贬义。

　　It's a way for people to describe someone, or something, that seems quite masculine. Think androgynous fashion choices and haircuts -‘dyke chic’。

　　“dyke”用来指那些有男性气质的人或事物。例如，我们常常用“dykechic”来形容那些中性的时装或者发型。

　　Use this instead: If you want tocomment that something seems to have masculine traits, just say that. If you're talking about a homosexual woman, she'sa lesbian。

　　替换词语：如果你想说某个事物很有男性特征，你可以使用这个词。但如果是指女同性恋者，请使用“lesbian”。

穆帅

　　9、Special

　　怪异

　　Jose Mourinho calls himself the‘special one’ and means it quite literally。

　　穆帅称自己“与众不同”，那是他真的与众不同。

　　But other people use the term,not to suggest that someone is extraordinary, but that they’ve done something so silly they seem to have special needs。

　　但如果其他人用“special”，则不是说某人很杰出，而是认为某人很蠢，总有些奇奇怪怪的癖好。

　　As with cretin, spastic and retard this is just another word that’s offensive to people with disabilities。

　　跟“cretin、spastic和retard”一样，special也是对残疾人的一种讽刺。

　　Use this instead: Anything that doesn’t have any relation to any kind of disability or mental illness。

　　替换词语：不要在任何和生理或心理残疾有关的情况下使用。

　　(来源：《每日电讯》；编译：Heidi)