Ⅴ. Read the following passages and complete the statements or answer the questions with the correct choice. Write your right letter on the Answer Sheet:(30%)

　　Passage 1

　　Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver.

　　The means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for systematic classification: therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communications. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles.

　　Examples of visual communication are gesture and imitation. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags or flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch such as by handshaking, although a highly-developed system of handshaking as disabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, clapping hands in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully-developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.

　　The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.

　　1.The word “auditory” in the third paragraph means communication by_________.

　　A. smelling B. seeing

　　C. hearing D. touching

　　2.The author explains that he will deal with reception of communication first because_________ .

　　A. communication actually takes place when the message is received

　　B. there are more means of receiving than of sending communications

　　C. reception of communications involves use of the senses

　　D. it is difficult to organize by typing the means of sending communication

　　3.Clapping hands is specifically mentioned as an example of_________.

　　A. communication by sound B. gesture and imitation

　　C. communication by touch D. a simple system of visual communication

　　4.The author specifically mentions that speech is_________.

　　A. often used when communicating

　　B. necessary for satisfactory communication by gesture

　　C. the only highly-developed system of communication

　　D. the most developed form of communication based on hearing

　　5.Which of the following statements about the way of communicating ideas and feelings mentioned in the passage is false?

　　A. They can be used to communicate over long distances.

　　B. They require both a sender and receiver.

　　C. They involve use of conventional signs and symbols.

　　D. They utilize the senses for reception.

　　Passage 2

　　Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.

　　There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.

　　The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that unclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atom bomb.

　　6.This passage implies that war is now_________.

　　A. worse than in the past B. as bad as in the past

　　C. not so dangerous as in the past D. as necessary as in the past

　　7.In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind.”(Paragraph 1),“this” refers to_________?

　　A. abolish war B. improve weapons

　　C. solve international problems D. live a peaceful life

　　8.From Paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the passage_________.

　　A. is an adherent of some modern ideologies

　　B. does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent war

　　C. believe that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent war

　　D. does not doubt the truth of any ideologies

　　9.According to the writer,_________.

　　A. war is the only way to solve international disputes

　　B. war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons

　　C. it is impossible for people to live without war

　　D. war must be abolished if man wants to survive

　　10.The last paragraph suggests that_________.

　　A. international agreements can be reached more easily now

　　B. man begins to realize the danger of nuclear war

　　C. nuclear war will definitely not take place

　　D. world opinion welcomes nuclear war