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1.2.1英语知识运用对基本语法知识的要求(5)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/11/02 20:16  北大出版社

 四、情态动词、形容词、副词

  (一)情态动词

  情态动词本身有语义,表示说话人的语气或情态,但语义不完整,不能单独谓语动词,

  一般只能与动词原形一起构成谓语动词。

  1、can(could)

  用于否定或疑问句中,后面跟动词的完成式时,表示对过去发生事件的“怀疑或不肯定”。could比can更表示说话人语气的不肯定。

  Nobody could have foreseen all this.当时无人能预见到所有这一切。

  It couldn't have been Mr.Smith.He has gone to China.不太可能是史密斯先生。他已去了中国。

  2、Should

  除了其一般的用法以外,should也表示说话人的感情如愤怒、惊奇、失望等。

  I am sorry that he should be so stubborn.他居然如此固执,我对此感到很抱歉。

  Why should l go there while she stays home?为什么我得去那儿,而她却能呆在家里?

  注意:

  should(ought to)+have+过去分词句型:指过去的事情。如果是肯定句,表示过去本应发生的事却没有发生,含“遗憾、责备、建议或指正”等意味;如果是否定句则表示已发生了本不该发生的事。

  You should have told him the paint on that seat is wet.

  你本应告诉他座位上的油漆未干。

  They should't have left so soon.

  他们不该这么早就离开。

  3、must

  在有must的句中,常表示说话人在进行依据较充分的推测。至于用哪些时态,则有两个参考标准:句中的时间状语和句间的关系。

  I mailed that letter a week ago.He must have received it.

  我一周前就发出了那封信,想必他一定收到了。

  must+ have+过去分词:用于肯定句,表示对过去情况的推测,意为“肯定,一定”。

  You had only a little egg at breakfast today.You must be hungry now.

  Must加动词原形,表示对现在发生动作和事物的猜测,有“一定,准是”的意思。

  4、may(might)

  may(might)+have+过去分词:用于肯定句和其他否定句,表示对已发生事情的不肯定推测,意为“可能,大概”,其中might较may语气更弱,把握更小。

  They may have derived inspiration from these words.

  他们可能从这些话语中获得了灵感。

  Our manager may(might) have gone to Guangzhuo to attend Spring Fair there last week.

  我们经理可能已于上周去广州参加春季交易会了。

  (二)比较级句型

  比较级句型用于表示两个人或事物之间的差别。比较级句型结构是:

  主语+谓语+形容词/副词比较级+(名词)+than+被比对象

  或:主语+谓语+more/less+形容词/副词+than+被比对象

  Facts speak louder than eloquence.

  The new edition of the dictionary is more expensive than the old one.

  (三)最高级句型

  最高级句型用于表示某一事物在一定范围内最突出或某一动作达到最高程度的句子。

  一般要有一个表示范围的词组。

  …the+形容词/副词最高级+(名词)+范围词

  1.Jane is the tallest girl in the department of public relations.

  2.Of all the students,Beth works hardest.

  (四)少数形容词比较级不用连词than

  superior(优于),inferior(低于),senior(年长于),junior(年幼于)等词之后用to,而不用than。

  His strength is superior to mine.

  My knowledge is inferior to his.

  (五)一些表示两者之间有所比较和选择的句型

  I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside.

  我宁愿和你们一起参加科研工作,也不愿到海滨去度假。

  I prefer to work rather than sit idle.

  我宁愿工作,也不愿闲坐着。

  He would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.

  他宁愿辞职,也不愿参与那样不诚实的买卖。

  例1.She told me she had to be home by ten o'clock.

  A .She told me she had to be home by ten o'clock.

  B .She said it was necessary for her to get home before ten o'clock.

  C .She told me that she would be going home at ten o'clock.

  D .She said that she usually reached her home before ten o'clock.

  【答案】B

  【分析】本题考点是“had to”的用法及意义。had to意为“必须”,故B为正确选择。

  【译文】她告诉我她必须于10点前到家。

  例2.Thanks for your dinner again I _____ .

  A .must to go B .must be gone

  C .am having to go D .have to be going

  【答案】D

  【分析】本题考点是have to与must的用法区别。A选项不对,因为must情态动词后接动词原形。B选项语态错误。C选项语法错误。have to没有现在进行时。故选D项I have to be going=I must be going。表示“我得走了。”

  【译文】再次感谢你的晚餐,我得走了。

  例1.You ____ get up early tomorrow morning.

  A .needn't B .needn't to

  C .haven't need D .aren't in need

  【答案】A

  【分析】本题考点是情态动词need的用法。当need作实义动词时,如后面紧跟动词时用不定式to连接,借助do来否定,所以B、C和D都错误。故选A。

  【译文】你明天早上不用早起。

  例2.He ____ his wife about his failure in getting a job.

  A .dares not tell B .dare not tell

  C .dare not to tell D .dare not telling

  【答案】B

  【分析】本题考点是情态动词dare的用法。dare作情态动词时,没有人称、时态变化,后跟动词原形。故选B。

  【译文】他不敢告诉妻子他没找到工作。

  例1.The Whites live in a——house.

  A .big,two-storey,white B .white,two-storey,big

  C .two-storey ,white,big D .big,white,two-storey

  【答案】D

  【分析】本题考点是形容词的词序,其顺序是限定词,品质,尺寸、新旧、式样,颜色,产地,过去分词,最后才是名词。故选D。

  【译文】怀特一家住在一栋大的白色的二层楼的房子里。

  例2.Do you know the name of that_____?

  A .funny,little,red mosquito-like insect

  B .little,funny,red mosquito-like insect

  C .red,little,funny,mosquito-like insect

  D .red mosquito-like,funny little insect

  【答案】A

  【分析】本题考点是形容词的词序,按照词序来选应选A。因为mosquito-like是指特征,应在最后,大小应在颜色前。

  【译文】你知道那种有趣的小的红色的又像蚊子的昆虫的名字吗?

  例1.I feel such gatherings____.

  A .are not worth to attend

  B .do not worth attending

  C .are not worth while attending

  D .are not worth attending them

  【答案】C

  【分析】本题考点是形容词worthwhile的用法。固定用法be worth while doing sth.意为值得干某事,故选C。

  【译文】我感觉这样的聚会不应当参加。

  例2.They are twins and look very____.

  A .same B .identical

  C .alike D .like

  【答案】C

  【分析】本题考点是区分同义词的用法。same前一定要有the也不能用very修饰;like不能作表语;B项意思不符;C项alike才能作表语且意思相符。故选C。

  【译文】他们是双胞胎,并且长得很像。

  

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