第二部分、写作模板——提纲式作文

　　一、说明原因型

　　模块(一)

　　Nowadays , there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.

　　The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides, ( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ). To sum up , the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) .

　　It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing , ( 6 ). On the other hand , ( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX .

　　注释：

　　(1)用具体数据说明XX现象；

　　(2)原因一；

　　(3)原因二；

　　(4)原因三；

　　(5)指出主要原因；

　　(6)解决建议一；

　　(7)解决建议二。

　　范文：Generation gap between parents and children

　　Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so- called generation gap . It is estimated that (75 percentages of parents often complain their children' s unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned).

　　Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows .

　　The first one is that ( the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes , thus the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides (due to having little in common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don’t spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( lake of communication and understanding each other) .

　　It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should respect their parents ). On the other hand , ( parents also should show solicitue for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap .

　　模块(2)

　　In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on ( 1 ).

　　The factors for ( 2 ) .First of all ,( 3 ).Then , there comes a case that ( 4 ). Moreover , ( 5 ) .Especially when ( 6 ) .

　　Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remind people that ( 7 ).In this way ,we should behave just like ( 8 ).

　　范文：The impact of Television

　　In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels .It has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children ). Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.

　　The factors for (parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it .) . First of all , (with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much exercise as they should ). Then , there comes a case that ( some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ). Moreover , ( the effect on children’s minds are more serious than the effect on children' s bodies ) . Especially when ( the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them ) .

　　Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that ( they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children' s TV viewing ). In this way , children will not be influented too deeply.

　　模块(3)

　　Currently, XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX .

　　It is clear that ( 1 ). If you ( 2 ), as a result , your dreams willcome true . On the contrary, if you ( 3 ). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through .

　　No one can deny another fact that ( 4 ) . You donn' t have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know ( 5 ) .

　　It will exert a profound influence upon ( 6 ). With reference to my standpoint , I think ( 7 ).

　　注释：

　　1 ： XX的第一个优点

　　2： 支持XX的做法

　　3：不支持XX的做法

　　4：XX的第二个优点

　　5：举例证明优点二

　　6：说明XX优点三的影响

　　范文：The importance of self-confidence

　　Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day . This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.

　　It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in one's abilities ). If you ( are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true .On the contrary, if you ( have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything ). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through .

　　No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed) . You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know (the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and self-confidence, the latter in particular) .

　　It will exert a profound influence upon ( the achievement of one's ambitions ). With reference to my standpoint ,I think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).

　　模块(4)

　　For most of us today ,( 1 ).

　　From above ,we can find that the reasons why ( 2 ) are as follows. The primary reason ,I think, is ( 3 ). Second,( 4 ). The third reason, actually ,is ( 5 ).

　　The significance for ( 6 ) . Therefore ,( 7 ).

　　注释：

　　(1)人们针对XX的态度和举措

　　(2)归纳现状

　　(3)第一个原因

　　(4)第二个原因

　　(5)第三个原因

　　(6)重申造成现状的最重要原因

　　(7)我的建议

　　范文：pollution

　　Most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. Lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. Many fish die of poisonous water. Thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. Therefore , environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling ,or bringing death not only to human beings ,

　　but also to wild life .)

　　From above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously ) are as follows. The primary reason, I think , is (the reason of harmful substances into environment. For example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests. However ,they pollute air, water and land ). Second, (the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly ). The third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in the world. Everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment ).

　　The significance for (controlling pollution ) noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken. Therefore, (new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories. Moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste. Let's make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us ).

　　模块(5)

　　These days we often hear that ( 1 ). It is common that ( 2 ).

　　Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing ,( 3 ). For another,( 4 ). What is more, since ( 5 ),it is natural that ( 6 ).

　　To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as ( 7 )to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future .

　　注释：

　　(1)提出论题

　　(2)说明现状

　　(3)理由一

　　(4)理由二

　　(5)理由三

　　(6)理由三引起的后果

　　(7)解决方法

　　范文：pollution of environment

　　These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ). It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed .)

　　Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing , (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded. ). For another, (the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ). What is more , since ( the industrial revolution ) , it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms . The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment ).

　　To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthying. We should do something such as (planting more trees , equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources ) to improve the present situation , and i do believe everything will be better in the future .

　　二、观点评论式

　　模块(一)对立观点式

　　A.有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？

　　B. 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？

　　C.我的看法。

　　Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。

　　However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。

　　There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。

　　模块(二)批驳观点式

　　A.一个错误观点。

　　B. 我不同意。

　　Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。

　　There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。

　　模块(三)社会问题(现象)式

　　A.一个社会问题或者现象。

　　B. 产生的原因

　　C.对社会和我们生活的影响

　　D. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)

　　E. 前景的预测。

　　Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。

　　There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。

　　X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。

　　A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。

　　Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..