最后的回归——05年12月四级考试作文试题解析

　　上海新东方学校 四六级、考研写作明星教师 汪忠平

　　Should the university campus be open to tourists?

　　1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点

　　2. 校园是否应对公众开放人们看法不同

　　3. 我认为。。。

　　本次四级考试作文试题在我们意料之中，又在我们意料之外。作文主题还是和校园生活密切相关的话题，但其命题形式却出乎我们意料。因为它完全背离了近年写作考试命题的方向——考察考生写作基本功，即写记叙文、描写文和书信的能力。众所周知四、六级考试面临重大改革，原计划本次四级考试采用全新题型。但后来由于各种原因，仍旧采用了传统题型。这一点考试前我们有所了解，出乎我们意料之外的是：连写作部分也采用了老题型，并且是最老的题型！是早从2000年起就已经被摒弃的题型！

　　这种三段式的议论文题型近年来之所以销声匿迹，是因为它为“模板式“作文提供了用武之地，而不能很好地测试考生的写作基本功。有悖于写作作为“测试考生综合能力”的一项考试。面对这种考试，有准备的学生可以轻松的进行“机械化制作”。

　　首先，它的开头段有很多固定“精彩”句型：

　　1. There is no consensus of opinions (there are some controversies) among people as to do sth (as to the view of sth)

　　2. When it comes to sth, people’s ideas(views/notions/opinions) vary from person to person( from one to another):

　　3. When asked about …, a divergence of opinions (on sth) arises:

　　4. Nowadays (recently/these days/currently), there has been a heated discussion (a sensational debate) on the issue of sth.( on whether or not we should …)

　　如果觉得这些句型还不够，还可以有更多的句型来讲开头写得更详细点：

　　1. People who are against sth hold that___, others, however, contradict that ___

　　2. some hold___ while others take it for granted ( firmly believe/ argue/ favor)___

　　3. it is held that____, while it is also held that______

　　4. as opposed to others who hold that____, a considerable proportion of people claim that____,

　　这种方法适合于有些议论文的开头。如全文的主要部分是讨论两种对立观点，或介绍作者对某一很有争议性话题的看法，用这种方法开头就很合适。如：

　　When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.(对读书方法的两种不同观点)

　　Many people do not agree about opportunity. Some think that opportunity is so rare that only the luckiest persons have it. Others argue that everyone has opportunity at one time or another in his or her life. (对机遇的不同看法)

　　There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people claim that everyone is born to a certain fate that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life. (对命运的两种不同观点)

　　考试时碰到这种议论文，大家完全可以从上述两组句型中分别随意抽取一个句子组成一个总结式开头。如 “对大学生校外租房的不同看法”就可以很轻松地随便写出几种不同的版本：

　　There is no consensus of opinions among people as to rent houses outside campus. It is held that renting houses outside campus allows students more freedom; while it is also held that this practice will do harm to students concerned.

　　Currently, there has been a heated discussion on whether college students should be allowed to live outside campus. As opposed to others who hold that too much freedom will spoil the students, a considerable proportion of students claim that they are old enough to be their own master.

　　同样，我们也可以用这些句型组合来应对这次考试：

　　There is no consensus of opinions among people as to whether the university campus should be open to tourists. As opposed to others who hold that university campus should be reserved for college students, a considerable proportion of people claim that this practice is beneficial.

　　值得注意的是：这种方法常与背景介绍法或其他方法结合使用，可能效果更佳。如上面的文章如果加上背景介绍就变成：

　　Nowadays a phenomenon has aroused considerable concern--- increasing number of tourists pour into university campus. As to the view of this phenomenon people’s ideas vary from one to another. It is held that this practice is welcome; while it is also held that this will do harm to people concerned.

　　也可以在总结法之前设计一个到几个问句，这样过渡自然，也很为新颖。如上面的段落加上问句就变成：

　　Nowadays a phenomenon has aroused considerable concern--- increasing number of tourists pour into university campus. Is this practice good or bad? As to the view of this phenomenon people’s ideas vary from one to another. It is held that this practice is welcome; while it is also held that this will do harm to people concerned. (56 words)

　　大家甚至完全可以独立的用一连串的设问句引起对全文大意的总结。这种方法简单易行，每个同学都能轻松掌握。如关于读书方法的不同看法：

　　What’s your reading habit? Shall we read selectively or extensively? People have different attitudes toward this question. Some hold the opinion that one should read selectively, choosing only those that are useful and helpful. The energy of a person is limited. So is a matter of how to use the limited energy in almost effective way, that is, how to get as much useful knowledge as possible. Only by reading selectively can one achieve this goal.

　　再如“出国热”：

　　Have you ever been abroad? Do you long to study overseas? Have you considered the advantage and disadvantage of furthering your study away from China? When asked these questions, a divergence of opinions arises. It is held that studying abroad will do more harm than good, while it is also held that it will at least off the person concerned a valuable experience.

　　至于主体段落和结论段就有更简单的模式：

　　People who prefer ………………have their reasons: The first reason for their choice is, they maintain, that ………………………………………………………... Besides, ………, they go on to point out, ……………………………………………………... What is more important, ………………………………..they also claim that ………………………………………………………………………

　　But others may not agree. They would argue that …………………………………………；What is worse, they emphasize, ……………………………………………………..(；Finally, they insist that …………………………………………………..

　　Who is right? Of course both sides have their reasons. Were I to offer my choice, I would not hesitate a moment to say that I favor ………… After all, ……………………………………………………………………………………….

　　根据上述模式，考生只需略作思考，为双方想出一些理由然后用简单的英语“填空”就可以了。

　　People who prefer (to treat college as destination of tourists)have their reasons: The first reason for their choice is, they maintain, that (this will provide university an extra sum of money, will can help solve the university financial problem). Besides, (this practice), they go on to point out, (can help college students have contact with the outside world). What is more important,. they also claim that colleges can be soils for teenage tourists to cultivate their love for knowledge and truth.

　　But others may not agree. They would argue that (this will inevitably distract college students from their study)；What is worse, they emphasize, (tourists might leave some rubbish on the campus, which will ruin the beauty of campus).

　　Who is right? Of course both sides have their reasons. Were I to offer my choice, I would not hesitate a moment to say that I favor (the former side). After all, (colleges and universities are public places as long as tourists take care not to cause trouble for colleges). (173 words0

　　可以看出，这篇文章的内容其实很空。但通过模式，我们轻松的可以写出两百多个单词。不过，同学们千万不要过多地依赖这种模式化的句型。如果不考这种题型，用这套模式会很牵强。并且，阅卷老师越来越反感这种模式。

　　我们估计，因为各种原因，这次考试是一种全面回归。但这肯定是全面改革之前的最后一次回归。

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