作者：北京环球时代学校 吴中东

　　One of the founding fathers of the United States of America, Benjamin Franklin once said, “Two things in the world are real. One is death and the other is tax.” For one reason or another, either by choice or by chance, he must have left out another thing that is no less real than the above two: loneliness. Lo

neliness is……. To some extent, we may say, to be is to be lonely. ……

　　(Other topics: frustrations, exams, failure, pressure, tension, depression, disillusionment, disappointment, unemployment, illness, wars etc)

　　1.“背景介绍”式

　　＂Introduction of general situation and background.

　　1.Last Friday, the Students’ Union of our Department organized a clean-up project to the Zhongshan Lake. The purpose of this project is to enhance(加强)the environment awareness of general public. Late in the afternoon， around 4, a group of 35 volunteers went to the park where we pick up the trash(垃圾)left by some tourists. As head of the group, I would like to report to you on the event.

　　2.“抚今追惜”式

　　Nowadays,

　　The recent years have witnessed an unfavorable social phenomenon…

　　Presently,

　　At present,

　　Lately,

　　Since...

　　Traditionally,

　　In the past,

　　Past surveys have shown that…

　　Until recently,

　　How I Finance My College Education

　　Ever since education system was under some reforms a few years ago, and students have been required to pay for their tuition and fees, and the cost has risen greatly in recent years.(导入句) Mostly their parents will pay, some students may apply for a bank loan and others will try to find part-time job to support their education. And besides, many students will be awarded a scholarship. Through these ways, students can pay, at least partly, for their college education.

　　For me, I’ll choose to take part in part-time job to finish my college education.(主题句) Though it is hard job for me, it can help me to know more about society and improve my work ability. In addition, it can also provide me with some opportunities to meet with all kinds of people, which will be helpful for me to find job in the future. Therefore, it seems to me that this choice is really “one stone, two birds”. I am sure that I can get myself through my four-year education by this way.(总结句)

　　Therefore, we can see that though tuition has become some economic burden for some students, this issue can be properly resolved so long as students choose a suitable way of their own.(总结段)

　　3.“强调重要”、“强调轰动”式

　　Getting to Know the World outside the Campus

　　1) It is essential / vital to maintain a good health.

　　2) Nothing is more important than to maintain a good health.

　　3) It is a critical point to …

　　Getting to Know the World outside the Campus

　　Nothing can be more important for students than for them to get to know as much as possible about the world outside the campus. One reason is that knowledge without experience is like trying walking on one leg. Another reason is that maintaining contact with the world outside the campus helps the student become mature and responsible.

　　There are many ways by which a student can get to know about the outside world. First, the mass media can keep the student up to date on political, cultural and sporting events, as well as the latest development in science and technology. Second, voluntary social services, tutoring and visiting factories or farms offer the student wide opportunities to get to know how ordinary people live.

　　Personally, I intend to study hard to give myself a good foundation for my future career. At the same time, I will take every opportunity to gain experience about the world beyond the campus by doing part-time jobs.

　　There has been a heated discussion about…

　　There have been heated dispute and debate about…

　　There has been much talk recently about…on TVs and Radios and in newspapers.

　　It is universally acknowledged that…

　　4。“复合增强、人以群分”式

　　1.There are generally/ mainly/ primarily two points of view on …… Some believe that…… Others hold the view that……

　　2. Many people suppose /contend that…..But what they fail to see is……

　　3.People’s opinions are always different once they talk about job-hunting.

　　4.There has been much talk recently about……Some……While others……

　　5.When asked about / When it comes to / Faced with / ….., many people believe that…

　　6.When people talk about…

　　7. People’s ideas vary once they…

　　8. There is no consensus of opinion among people as to face fate.

　　1. 农民工进城

　　2. 利与弊

　　3. 结论

　　Contrast and and Comparison(1)

　　As regards the farmer migration into the cities, there has been a heated discussion among the general public in our society. A majority of people argue that this mass migration is beneficial to the development of both the countryside and the cities. Other people, however, maintain that there are more disadvantages arising from the movement.

　　People who believe in the beneficial side may have some arguments as follows. To begin with, farmers can earn more money by working in the cities. Most of them will send part of their income back home to help their families What’s more, these farmers will help develop the cities in many ways. According to a recent survey, most of the construction projects in big cities are actually done by farmers

　　By contrast, some people think that farmer migration may give rise to a series of negative effects. They worry that much land will be deserted in the country. In addition, it is also believed that rising crimes in cities are partly related to this migration.

　　Just as any coin has two sides, it’s no exception with the issue of farmer migration. In my opinion we should try our best to make full use of its benefits while avoiding its shortcomings. (206 words)

　　Reading Selectively or Extensively

　　有人认为读书要有选择

　　有人认为应当博览群书

　　我的看法

　　Reading Selectively or Extensively(2)

　　Reading is very important in our daily lives, and how to read is even more important to all of

　　us readers. Some think that when we read we should read selectively. That is to say, we should select some books that we are interested in and pay no attention to other kinds of books. Reading selectively can help us our efforts and attention on those books that we like.

　　Some others think that we should read extensively. That is to say, we should read every kinds of books, and try to grasp the major ideas of them. Of course, reading in this way can enlarge our views and increase our knowledge about different fields.

　　In my opinion, although the two reading methods have their own roles and their own disadvantages are also easy to be found out, I find reading selectively more compelling. We are living in a age of “knowledge explosion”. Knowledge and information increase by astronomic numbers. If we read extensively only, we can’t have so much time and energy and it’s impossible for one to be specialized in every field.

　　关于大学生就业

　　1，　　最近一例大学生在农场工作的事件

　　2，　　由来

　　3，　　分析

　　Attitudes towards Career(3)

　　Recently there has been much dispute and debate on TV and in papers about a university graduate who returned to countryside and ran a small farm of his own. Some believe it is a great waste for both him and society since he and his parents had paid so much to have got him into college and the state has spent much resource on him.

　　But others hold just the opposite view. They argue that there is nothing to make fuss about. Everyone has rights to choose whatever he wishes to do, and if they have chosen what they like best, they are most likely to do them perfectly. Moreover, such “low jobs” can be a good preparation for something high and mighty in his future career. Not infrequently, we hear of and read of peasants becoming VIPs in politics and industry, commerce and banking.

　　As far as I am concerned, we should be tolerant, and treat as normal more such cases since in the years to come we will have more college graduates than ever before as result of the resent practice of enlarged enrollment by most colleges and universities.

　　5.“主题首句”式——开门见山 (Definition)

　　1.　　Patience is one of the virtues that are bestowed on men.

　　2.　　As we can see from the table…

　　3.　　From the two charts, we can see…

　　4.　　As is shown / indictated / demonstrated / betrayed in the charts above…

　　Good manners

　　1. 风度是什么?

　　2. 怎样才有风度?

　　3. 结尾

　　Good manners(1)

　　Good manners mean being polite, respectful, thoughtful and helpful.

　　Be polite to everyone, no matter who he is. Say “please” and “thank you” whenever you want people to do something. Don’t be rude, insulting or demanding. Don’t be angry or upset. Even if you get angry, you should be patient and polite.

　　Show respect to everyone, male or female, young or old. Speak to them respectfully. Listen to their advice, and do not interrupt them.

　　Be thoughtful. Imagine yourself in the other’s position; respect their needs, wishes, and opinions. Consider their feelings, and don’t do or say things that will hurt them.

　　Help people whenever you can. Hold the door for one whose arms are full of packages. Offer to help an old woman to cross the street. If someone asks you for directions, take the time to help him if you can. This will brighten both his day and yours.

　　Having good manners makes things easier. When you are nice to people, they are nice to you in return. Show them good manners and they will do the same to you.

　　Responsibility

　　1)　　什么是责任

　　2)　　有的人逃避责任

　　3)　　我们应该持何种立场

　　Responsibility(3)

　　Responsibility is the embodiment of morality, which demands that people do certain for the other people or the country, not thinking of reward. One person should be accountable to his parents or his own family after having arrived at manhood. An employee shouldn’t neglect his duty come what may

　　However, many people are always asking for rights, avoiding any responsibility. They only think they are entitled to fashionable clothes, extravagant houses and lots of money. Thus, there occurred a great many events. For example, some doctors even leave medical apparatuses in the patient’s stomach after operation, which may cause death.

　　Then, how to solve this increasingly serious problem? Above all, the government should intensify the education of children about responsibility and improve people’s realization of the necessity of taking responsibility. If everyone did things immorally and irresponsibly, the whole world would be thrown into chaos. In the second place, laws should be established that anyone who defaults responsibility is to be punished financially or bodily。

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