寒假英语总动员知新篇--状语从句大party

http://www.sina.com.cn 2007/01/25 16:24  现代教育报·中考导刊

  状语从句大party

  北京市海淀实验学校 马琳

  状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

  一、时间状语从句

  要点: 时间状语从句,由以下连词引导:

  when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。

  1.when当。。。的时候

  Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

  (当)莫扎特的时候,开始写音乐作品。

  2.while当。。。时

  He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.

  他在旅途中参观了许多地方。

  3.as在。。。的同时;一边。。。一边。。。

  He smiled as he stood up.

  他一边站起来一边笑着。

  4.after在。。。之后

  He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.

  前几天做完作业之后回的家。

  5.before 在。。。之前

  Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.

  布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。

  6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。

  We began to work as soon as we got there.

  我们一到那就开始工作。

  I will write to you as soon as I get home.

  我一到家就给你写信。

  7.since 自。。。以来 到现在

  表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。

  Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.

  自格林先生来中国以来,他就在这所学校教书。

  (还可以用作介词,本句从句还可以用短语:since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)

  8 till /until

  都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语。

  They walked till /until it was dark.

  他们一直走到天黑。

  Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.

  小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。

  9. by the time 到。。。为止 (所在句子的主句应用完成时)

  By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.

  他到家的时候,他爸爸已经走了。

  By the time I got to school, the class had already began.

  我到校时,已经开始上课了。

  难点——as when while的辨析

  as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生,三者差异如下:

  表示“一边。。。一边"的意思

  as 强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时

  用于发生时间较段时

  when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作"之前 "或"之后"发生。

  2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)

  while 1、用于时间较长时

  2、 强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时

  有时这三个连词可以互换,有时不可以。

  lIt was raining hard when (as) I got there.

  我到那里时,正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生,when可换为as, 但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)

  lWhen I had read the article, he called me.

  我看完这篇文章之后,她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前,注意时态表达,只能用when )

  lWhen I got to the cinema, the film had begun.

  (当)我到了电影院时,电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后,只能用when,并要注意时态)

  lHe was about to leave, when the telephone rang.

  他正要离开,忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.

  while, as不能代替 ) 考点

  lShe thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

  他以为我在谈她女儿,然而,实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折,对比,when, as都不能代替它) 考点

  lWhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.

  

外星人买纪念品时,那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句,从句的动作同时发生,while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词,因为它表示较长时间)考点

  lMother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.

  妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)

  知识扩展

  1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词,表示一段时间)

  It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。

  2. It is +before…(。。。才)

  It was a long time before I went to sleep again.

  过了很长时间我才睡着。

  It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.

  过了一个小时,警察才来。

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