高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

　　(作者：石家庄一中 郭亚)

　　猜词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。

　　-根据上下文语境进行猜测

　　一个单词或词组的确切含义是和它所处的上下文语境分不开的，所以我们可借助上下文语境对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。

　　例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.

　　62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？

　　A.growing interest in organic food

　　B.better quality of organic food

　　C.rising market for organic food

　　D.higher prices of organic food

　　分析：由最后一句话可知，越来越多的人购买organic food，说明人们越来越看好organic food。致使全英国的超市增加了organic food business，以期望有更多像Gold这样的人前来购买。因此答案为A。

　　-根据同义、反义关系进行猜测

　　在文章中，当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此我们可以确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域。如happyandgay即使你不知道gay的意思，也能猜出其意为“快乐的”。

　　例2.(2003年全国卷，C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.

　　65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text？

　　A.To encourage people to raise questions.

　　B.To cause difficulty in understanding.

　　C.To provide a person with an explanation.

　　D.To limit people's imagination.

　　分析：由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat)，并且在句中beaten和baffled由and连接，处于同等并列关系，据此推断出baffle为“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。故答案为B。

　　-根据同位关系或文中定义解释猜测

　　文章中的难词后面往往有一个同位语、that is，this is、破折号或定语从句等对其进行解释。这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。

　　例3.(2006年

　　The schools are reluctant to take time off--even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.

　　59.The underlined word“reluctant”in the passage may probably mean_______.

　　A.kind

　　B.unwilling

　　C.free

　　D.careless

　　分析：根据本句破折号后面的句子：“even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.(即使老师们手中握有英-阿比赛的门票也不容易请假。”推断reluctant的意思是unwilling.故答案为B。

　　-根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

　　代词one，it，that，he，him或them等在英语文章中使用频繁，可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。

　　例4.(2005年全国卷，C篇)

　　Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story.And even if they start again，Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.“We have more important things to do，”he said.

　　52.The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.

　　A.criminals

　　B.pigeons

　　C.the stolen cars

　　D.demands for money

　　分析：从文中最后一段可知，they应当对应该段前面的“Demands for pigeon-delivered money”。该部分大意为“媒体报道这些事件之后，发案率有所下降。即使demands for money的势头有所上升，陈表明，捉住罪犯也没什么希望，因为他们(警察)有更重要的事要做”。故答案为D。

　　-根据转折、因果关系进行猜测

　　根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise，while，rather than，far from等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。

　　例5.(2005年北京卷，D篇)

　　However obvious these facts may appear at first glance，they are actully not so obvious as they seem expect when we take special pains to think about the subject.

　　71.In paragraph 3，“take special pains”probably means“_____”.

　　A.try very hard

　　B.take our time

　　C.are very unhappy

　　D.feel especially painful

　　分析：由however从句中的“at first glance(乍一看上去，即没仔细考虑)”与下文中“take special pains to think about……”进行对比，可以推断出A项正确。

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