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高考英语复习:数词小结http://www.sina.com.cn
2007年11月15日 09:57 城市快报
天津四中 李好 在学完定语从句之后,同学们会接触到的另一个语法项目是数词。表示数目、多少和顺序先后的词叫数词。数词有两种:表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如:one,ten twenty-three;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如:first,third,twentieth。 1.基数词 基数词相当于名词,在句中可做主语、表语、定语、状语等。如: Three of my classmates are from Shanghai. I am twenty this year. They have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. 2.序数词 1)序数词的构成: ★大多数的序数词是由基数词加-th构成。如:seven—seventh;ten—tenth ★以-t结尾的基数词只在词尾加-h。如:eight—eighth ★以-ve结尾的基数词改-ve为f再加-th。如:five—fifth;twelve—twelfth ★以-y结尾的基数词改-y为-ie再加-th。如:twenty—twentieth,thirty—thirtieth ★几十几的序数词只在个位数体现。如:twenty-one—twenty-first;thirty-three—thirty-third ★特殊的序数词: one—first;two—second;three—third; nine—ninth 2)序数词在句中同样可做主语、表语、定语、状语等。如: June the first is Children’s Day. When did you first meet each other? She was the last to arrive. 3.数词的用法: 1)表示年、月、日,“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词。如:May eleventh,2007 2)表示时间。如: It’s eleven twenty. 3)表示编号。编号既可以用基数词表示,也可以用序数词表示。区别是基数词用在名词之后,序数词位于名词之前,并加定冠词。如:Lesson Nine;the Ninth Lesson 4)介词 in one’s+整数数词的复数形式,表示年龄。如: She is in her early forties.(她四十出头。) 5)序数词前加冠词“a”表示“再一次”。如:Can I try a second time? 6)在hundred,thousand,million,billion前有数词时为实数意义,它们的词尾不能加复数。前无数词时为虚数意义,hundred,thousand,million,billion可加复数,并可和of连用,构成短语。如:five hundred students;millions of people 4.分数的构成 分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s,如: 1/5:one fifth 2/3:two thirds 2-:two and three quarters 5.小数的表示法 0.09:point zero nine 2.7:two point seven 6.百分数的表达法 90%:ninety percent 0.5%:point five percent 7.倍数表达法 表示两倍时用twice,表示三倍以上的倍数时用times。如: The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. This desk is twice as large as that one. 8.算式表达法: 5+6:five plus six(or five and six) 7-6:seven minus six 2×3:two multiplied by three(or two times three) 8/4:eight divided by four 9.与数词相关的主谓一致原则 1)当名词词组中心词为表示时间、路程、金钱或重量等复数名词时,往往根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看做一个整体,谓语采用单数形式。如: Twenty dollars is not enough. Two months has passed before we realized. 但是如果“数词”单用,表示人或物,谓语动词一般用复数。如: Three were killed and ten were missing in that accident. 2)如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数+of-词组”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of-词组中名词或代词的单、复数形式:如果of-词组中名词或代词是单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;如果of-词组中名词或代词是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。如: Two thirds of the earth is covered with water. Two thirds of the people present are against the plan. 3)如果主语是many a,more than one+单数名词构成,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如: Many a student in this class has hoped a long break. 4)a+单数名词+or two做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如one or two+复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如: A word or two is missed in the sentence. One or two words are missed in the sentence. 特别说明:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。
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