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这个群体通常在智商测试中表现良好,得分比100分的平均分高出12到15分,并且在西方的知识和文化领域做出了巨大贡献。正如他们中的精英人物(包括几位知名的科学家在内)的一生所证实的那样。他们也更为经常地受到一些诸如乳腺癌等遗传疾病的影响。但是,以前人们并不认为这些事实具有相关性。前者归因于社会影响,例如重视教育的传统。后者则被看作是基因隔离的结果。Cochran博士认为智商与疾病是密切相关的。他认为这些人群不同寻常的历史使得他们承受了独特的进化压力,从而导致了这种矛盾的状态。
2007年考研英语完形填空真题解析
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws。
On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces。
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy。
1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals
2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully
3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected
4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted
5. [A] access[B] succession [C] right[D] return
6. [A] Presumable [B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally
7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical
8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform
9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover
10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by
11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded
12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While
13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against
14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence
15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish
16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised
17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original
18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher
19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred
20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared for
文章背景
本文主要介绍了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地在获得独立后在政治宗教以及信念各个方面对未来的展望。虽然他们的领导人拥有共同的信念,即建立一个独立自主的国家,同时在经济上能够养活自己的国民,但在宗教自由以及教会的地位问题上,领导阶层之间的意见就不那么一致了。
文章结构
第一段:主要从政治方面进行叙述
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations loved 2 to the future. (总述)
many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals…(分述)
6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states…(分述)
第二段:主要从宗教方面进行叙述
On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less…
第二段:主要从殖民地领导人的理想方面叙述
On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less…
答案详解
1. 【解析】[B] 词汇辨析题。独立后的国家居民由原住民和移民共同构成,因此,强干扰项A可排除。而居民既包括原住民也包括移民,故选[B]。
2. 【解析】[D] 语义衔接题。前一句指出各殖民地已经独立,所以人们对未来的态度应该是积极的,而“充满希望地”与“对未来的展望”应该是最恰当的。
3. 【解析】[A] 语义衔接题。我们从the ideals of representative government, careersto talent, freedom of commerce and trade, theto private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society… 这些字里行间看出这些ideas是现代制度和法律所支持的观念,虽然这些领导人出身于旧政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中,他们(选择)分享这些观念。可先排除否定意义的B、D项。C项attain这个词一般指的是通过不断的努力获得某种知识或达到某个目标。因此,正确答案为A,许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府。
4. 【解析】[C] 语义衔接/固定搭配题。本题目选择形容词,在句子中体现前、后名词之间的关系。many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careersto talent, freedom of commerce and trade,… “许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府,职业……于人才,商业和贸易自由……”选项A. related to 相关的;B. close to接近;C. open to 公开的;开着的;D. devoted to 奉献的; 投入的。符合语境的只有C. careers open to talent “职位向有才能的人开放”。
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