Section III Reading Comprehension (24 points)

　　Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil。

　　Text 1

　　Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get。”

　　Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things。

　　You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served。

　　Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services。

　　This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, you could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner。

　　When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now。

　47.    What do the elders mean when they say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get。”？

　　[A] You’ll certainly get what you want。

　　[B] It’s no use dreaming。

　　[C] You should be dissatisfied with what you have。

　　[D] It’s essential to set a goal for yourself。

　　48.    [A] blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as ________。

　　[A] an illustration of how to write an application for a job

　　[B] an indication of how to secure a good job

　　[C] a guideline for job description

　　[D] a principle for job evaluation

　　49.    According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because ________。

　　[A] that is the first step to please the employer

　　[B] that is the requirement of the employer

　　[C] it enables him to know when to sell his services

　　[D] it forces him to become clearly aware of himself

　　50.    When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something ________。

　　[A] definite to offer

　　[B] imaginary to provide

　　[C] practical to supply

　　[D] desirable to present

　Text 2

　　Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children。

　　One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ‘win at all costs’ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”

　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful。

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