Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)

　　“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not。

　　Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration。

　　From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders。

　　Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright  and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life。

　　This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals。

　　Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that。” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past。”

　　This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs。

　　Section III   Translation

　　46.Directions:

　　Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your  translation on  ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)

　　When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually  concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or  to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind  of workers  that countries like Britian ,Canada  and  Australia try to attract by using immigration   rules that privilege college graduates 。

　　Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries  are particularly likely to emigrate .A  big  survey of Indian households in 2004  found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school  education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain  drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts  their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have  taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new  products for their factories to make 。

　　Section IV   Writing

　　Part A

　　47.Directions

　　Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you  bought  from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service  center to

　　1)make a complaint and

　　2)demand a prompt  solution

　　You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2

　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead 。

　　48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should

　　1)describe the table ,and

　　2)give your comments

　　You should write at least 150 words(15points)

　　某公司员工工作满意度调查

　　参考答案：

　　完形填空： 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D

　　TEXT1： 21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D

　　TEXT2： 26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C

　　TEXT3： 31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D

　　TEXT4： 36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A

　　新题型： 41-45：AFGCE

　　小作文范文： Dear Sir or Madame, As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day. The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work. I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience。

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Zhang Wei

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