When learning a new language, people often focus on vocabulary and grammar. Pronunciation, in contrast, is like the icing on a cake.
学一种新语言的适合，大家都专注于学习词汇和语法。相反发音只不过是锦上添花的因素罢了。
To illustrate this, Chinese learners of English often excel in reading, but when it comes to speaking, it’s not uncommon to hear words that are mispronounced, stressed incorrectly, or spoken with a heavy accent.
为了进一步说明这一点，中国人一般在阅读上分数高，但一到发音，通常会有发音发错，重音读错，或者口音太重。
.Pronunciation Error #1: d, t, s, k
发音错误1：d,t,sk
This is a common mistake unique to Chinese people. Chinese students tend to stress the last sound of a word and produce an extra syllable.
对中国人来说这是很主要的错误。学生经常会在单词的结尾重读，产生额外的音节。
For example, “and” becomes “an-deu.”
And成为了 “and-deu”
Solution: Drop the end syllable.
解决方案：去掉最后的音节
例子
don't
yes
Mcdonald's
Scotland
bread
Pronunciation Error #2: th
发音错误2：th
This is arguably the most difficult sound for Chinese students to pronounce. The th sound, which involves the biting of the tongue, doesn’t exist in Chinese, so a lot of Chinese people simply replace it with an s sound.
可以说这个音对中国学生最难发。Th这个发音是通过舌头的咬合来实现的，在中文中不存在，许多中国人用s来代替th。
As a fundamental sound that’s common to a large number of words in English, it’s essential you get this right. It’s a sound that if not pronounced correctly, can get in the way of making yourself understood.
作为许多英语单词都具有的发音，发对音十分至关重要。如果你没发对，就很难理解了。
Solution: Place your tongue between your upper and lower teeth and blow air out the gap between your tongue and your upper teeth.
解决方案：将你的舌头放在上下牙齿之间，然后从缝隙之间从你的舌头和上牙齿之间出气。
列子
the
those
throne
mouth
south
broth
例外
posthumous (发音 像 POS-tu-mus)
thyme (发音像 time)
Pronunciation Error #3: on/un
发音错误3：on/un
Chinese students tend to add an extra g at the end. So Monday becomes “Mongday,” London becomes “Longdon,” and wonder becomes “wongder.”
中国学生喜欢额外加g这个音。所以Monday就变成了Mongday，London变成了Longdon，wonder变成了wongder。
This is especially prevalent among Northerners.
北方人这个错误更明显。
Solution: The on sound is NOT a nasal sound. In other words, the sound does NOT come from the throat, but from the tip of your tongue when it touches the back part of your upper teeth.
解决方案：on这个音不是鼻音。所以这个音不是从喉咙发出，而是舌尖触碰你上牙齿的背部发出的。
例子
London
wonder
under
thunde
Pronunciation Error #4: i
发音错误4：i
Many Chinese students tend to take the short i sound and turn it into an ee sound. For example, fish becomes “feesh,” and bin becomes “been.”
许多中国学生会将i的短音变成ee的长音。比如fish变成feesh，bin变成been
Solution: It’s a very short i sound. It should only last a second or less.
解决方案：i的发音很短促，通常只会持续两秒钟甚至更短。
例子
in
bin
sin
delicious
crispy
lisp
chip
cripple
milford
Pronunciation Error #5: rl
发音错误5:“rl
This is another one of these difficult combinations. When you stick an r with an l, how do you pronounce it? Chinese students tend to pronounce it by getting rid of one of them. World becomes “weuld,” and whirl becomes “weul.”
这两个音也是很难发。当r和l连接在一起，你要如何发音呢？中国学生喜欢干脆就不发了。World变成了weuld，whirl变成了weul.
Solution: Split up the world into two parts, separating them between r and l. For instance, “world” becomes “were” + “ld.” When you transition from an r to an l, your tongue jumps. It goes from touching the soft palate (the upper back part of your mouth), to the back of your upper teeth, and finally pronounces the d at the end.
解决方案：将词分割成两个部分，r和l分开。比如，world变成were和ld。当你从r过渡到l的适合，你的舌头会弹跳下。从软腭（嘴里后半部分）到上牙齿，最后发出d这个音。
例子
earl
pearl
world
whirl
curl
Pronunciation Error #6: o
发音错误6：o
O is another problematic one. Some Chinese students like to turn the short o into a long o. For instance, offer becomes “o-fer” and honour becomes “o-ner.”
O是另一个发音问题所在。许多中国学生喜欢将短o发为长o。比如：offer发为ofer,honour发为oner。
Solution: The short o sound is like au in English, as in “Australia.”
解决方案：o的短音就像au的英语发音，比如Australia。
例子
offer
honour
honda
bottle
sock
block
Pronunciation Error #7: ed
发音错误7：ed
There are two different ways to pronounce ed in English (when it’s the ending of a verb). It’s easy to be confused as to which way to pronounce it.
英语中ed有两种发音方式（尤其是作为动词的时候）。两种方式很容易搞混。
Solution: The first way to pronounce it sounds like a d or t, and the second way sounds like its natural form, ed. To determine which one to use, look at the word endings before the ed is added.
解决方案：第一种发音是将其发为d或者t，第二种方法就是ed的自然发音。要用哪一种，就要看看ed之前加的部分。
For it to sound like a d or t, it has to end in one of the following: c/k, f, gh, ph, j, dge, p, s, z, sh, ch, b, g, l, m, n, r, w, v, y, a, e, i, o, or u.
对于发为d或者t的单词，通常之前的字母是以这些结尾：c/k, f, gh, ph, j, dge, p, s, z, sh, ch, b, g, l, m, n, r, w, v, y, a, e, i, o, or u.
For it to sound like an ed, it has to end in one of these endings: d, t.
发为像ed的单词，是以d或者t结尾。
So the easy way to remember is: if it DOESN’T end in d or t, it’s the silent, quick d or t sound.
所以最简单的记忆方法是，如果不是以d或者t结尾，就不发音，或者快速的d或者t的音。
例子（d或t）
webbed
bagged
fanned
graphed
staffed
cramped
passed
swished
calmed
例子：ed发音
padded
batted
wedded
fretted
credited
meditated
levitated
graded
sedated
Why Chinese students pronounce these sounds incorrectly
为什么中国学生发这些音不准确
For Chinese speakers, it’s difficult to pronounce English words correctly because of how language is taught traditionally in school. But more importantly, there’s a tendency for Chinese speakers to treat English words as a concatenation of Chinese pinyin, due to the habitual passing on of incorrect pronunciation from teachers to students.
对中国学生来说，这些英语单词很难发对是因为传统教学的关系。更重要的是，越来越多的学生将英语发音的原理当做拼音一样，这也是因为许多老师发音习惯传承到学生身上的原因。
还有就是许多名字的发音：
McDonalds 麦当劳
Carrefour 家乐福
Bentley 宾利
Avoid thinking of English in terms of Chinese pinyin sounds. They are fundamentally different. Instead, try to imitate native speakers so you can get a better sense of how to pronounce words correctly.
要避免中国拼音的思维来发英语。他们完全不一样。相反，要模仿当地人的发音，把把握他们如何正确发音的。
A last thought I’d like to share is this: for Chinese people, the Chinese government advocates learning the American accent. As such, there’s a great wealth of texts based on American pronunciation.
最后我想分享一点：对中国人来说，中国政府提倡学习美音。因此许多教科书是美式发音。
With regards to accent, I also recommend that you stick to one.
