1996年英译汉真题详解(一)_新浪教育

1996年英译汉真题详解(一)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/05/21 12:05 新东方教育在线

　　The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self_accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of d

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ifferent areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

　　This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the sup porting agencies is the praisable one of supporting“good”as opposed to“bad”science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. 75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

　　1996年英译汉真题详解

　　71Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self_accelerating.

　　结构分析：

　　这是两个简单句。在所有英译汉真题中，划线部分都是一个句子，要么是一个简单句，要么是一个复合句，由两个简单句构成一个考题这是惟一的一次。这两个简单句都是主系表结构。

　　句子切分：

　　Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs./ Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science / being to some extent self_accelerating.

　　词义推敲：

　　①Some of these causes直译为“这些原因中的一些”，按照汉语习惯可译为“其中一些原因”。注意：these在此为指示代词，由于它修饰名词，相当于形容词，一般直接翻译成代词，而不需要译成名词。但如果出现表达不清，或者补充说明之后更清楚，则可以根据文章的意思加形容词或者译成名词。(参见下面第72题关于this trend和2003年第63题关于this study的解释。)

　　②reasonable results合理的结果，必然结果

　　③others代词=other reasons，应译成名词“其他原因”。

　　④reasonable consequences=reasonable results

　　⑤particular advances in science科学中的特定发展

　　⑥being self_accelerating分词短语，修饰名词science。accelerate意为“加速”，self_accelerating意为“自我加速的”。

　　⑦to some extent在某种程度上

　　to...extent意为“在…程度上”，其他例子如：

　　to a large(或great) extent在很大程度上

　　to that extent到那个程度

　　to an (或a certain) extent在一定程度上

　　整句试译：其中一些原因完全是社会需求的必然结果，其他原因则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而取得特定发展的必然结果。(第二句也可以拆译成：其他原因则是科学领域当中一些特定发展的必然结果，科学在一定程度上是自我加速的。

　　检查核对：

　　代词名词动词修饰语从句惯用法逻辑性完整性通顺

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