2001年阅读真题及语言点、难句详解(二)_新浪教育

2001年阅读真题及语言点、难句详解(二)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/05/21 15:19 新东方教育在线

　　Passage 2

　　A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so_called digital divide-the division of the worldsintosthe info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive

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forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.

　　There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.

　　Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti_colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.

　　5. Digital divide is something .

　　［A］getting worse because of the Internet

　　［B］the rich countries are responsible for

　　［C］the world must guard against

　　［D］considered positive today

　　6. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it .

　　［A］offers economic potentials

　　［B］can bring foreign funds

　　［C］can soon wipe out world poverty

　　［D］connects people all over the world

　　7. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of .

　　［A］providing financial support overseas

　　［B］preventing foreign capital's control

　　［C］building industrial infrastructure

　　［D］accepting foreign investment

　　8. It seems that now a country's economy depends much on .

　　［A］how well_developed it is electronically

　　［B］whether it is prejudiced against immigrants

　　［C］whether it adopts America's industrial pattern

　　［D］how much control it has over foreign corporations

　　第一部分文章背景

　　［内容分类］时文--信息科学

　　本文讨论的是在信息时代出现的digital divide，即信息分配的贫富差异，以及互联网(Internet)对消除其中差异的积极作用。此文紧扣作为当前热点的互联网和信息技术，时效性很强。

　　第二部分语言点详解

　　1. digital divide信息分水岭，信息差异

　　［大纲词汇］digitala.数字的，信息的

　　［扩充词义］dividen.分水岭，差异

　　2. lecture演讲

　　［大纲词汇］lecturev./n.演讲，讲课

　　［经典例句］He lectured on me about an hour although I asked him just a simple question.

　　3. loom逼近

　　［大纲词汇］loomv.隐约出现；阴森逼近

　　［经典例句］People were worried about the looming energy shortage.

　　4. visible可见的

　　［大纲词汇］visiblea.看得见的，可见的

　　［经典例句］She spoke with visible impatience.

　　5. commercialize商业化

　　［大纲词汇］commerciala.商业的，商务的，贸易的

　　［衍生词汇］commercializev.使商业化；使商品化

　　［经典例句］Sports are more and more commercialized nowadays.

　　6. universalize普遍化

　　［大纲词汇］universala.普遍的，全体的，通用的；宇宙的，世界的

　　［衍生词汇］universalizev.使普遍化；使通用化

　　［经典例句］We should universalize rather than nationalize communities.

　　7. leave behind落下

　　［大纲词汇］leave behind留下，忘记带

　　［经典例句］The great influenza epidemic left behind over 20 million dead.

　　8. net联络在一起

　　［大纲词汇］netn.网，网状物；v.用网捕，使落网；a.净的；纯净的

　　［经典例句］Her cheeks were netted with little purple veins.

　　9. combat搏斗，斗争

　　［大纲词汇］combatv./n.搏斗，战斗，格斗

　　［经典例句］It has become more and more urgent to combat AIDS.

　　10. enormous庞大的

　　［大纲词汇］enormousa.巨大的，庞大的

　　［经典例句］He was overwhelmed by the enormous debt.

　　11. impoverished贫困的

　　［扩充词汇］impoverishv.使贫穷；耗尽…力气；使贫瘠impoverisheda.贫困的；被耗尽的

　　［经典例句］The family was impoverished by misfortune and sickness.

　　12. get over克服

　　［大纲词汇］get over克服，(从病中)恢复过来

　　［经典例句］It took him a long time to get over his wife's death.

　　13. outdated过时的

　　［大纲词汇］outdateda.过时的，老式的

　　［经典例句］It is amazing some people still have these outdated belief.

　　14. anti_colonial反殖民主义的

　　［大纲词汇］coloniala.殖民(地)的

　　colonistn.殖民者，移民

　　colonyn.殖民地

　　［构词方法］anti_前缀，表示"反"，"抗"

　　［联想记忆］antislaveryn.反奴隶制

　　antiabortionn.反堕胎

　　15. prejudice偏见

　　［大纲词汇］prejudicen.偏见，成见；损害，侵害

　　［经典例句］Many jokes are based on the prejudice toward lawyers.

　　16. invasion侵略

　　［大纲词汇］invasionn.侵入，侵略invadev.侵入，侵略，侵害

　　［经典例句］He was annoyed at his colleague's invasion of his privacy.

　　17. sovereignty主权

　　［扩充词汇］sovereigntyn.主权，自主权；君权，统治权

　　［经典例句］To respect the sovereignty of other countries is one of the basic principles of diplomacy.

　　18. infrastructure基础设施

　　［扩充词汇］infrastructuren.基础；基础设施

　　［经典例句］The local government has made great investment in infrastructure.

　　19. capital资金

　　［大纲词汇］capitaln.首都，首府；大写字母；资本，资金

　　a.首位的，最重要的，基本的

　　［经典例句］Lack of capital is the most urgent problem the company faces.

　　20. highway公路

　　［大纲词汇］highwayn.公路，大路

　　［经典例句］A new highway was constructed between the two cities a few months ago.

　　21. immigrant移民

　　［大纲词汇］immigranta.(从国外)移来的，移民的；n.移民，侨民

　　［经典例句］A large number of immigrants flowedsintosIsrael in 1970s.

　　22. better off更宽裕的

　　［扩充词汇］well off富裕的，宽裕的，充裕的；境遇好的

　　［经典例句］You are surely to be better off if you work harder.

　　23. telecom电信

　　［扩充词汇］telecom ( = telecommunication)n.电信

　　24. attach importance to重视

　　［扩充词汇］attach importance to重视

　　［经典例句］The company attached great importance to theproject.

　　25. wipe out消除

　　［大纲词汇］wipev./n.擦，揩，抹

　　wipe out擦去，除去；消灭，毁灭

　　［经典例句］The earthquake almost wiped out the whole city.

　　第三部分难句解析

　　1.A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so_called digital divide-the division of the worldsintosthe info(information) rich and the info poor.

　　［结构剖析］本句的结构较简单，抓住attention is being paid to the digital divide就可以了，注意破折号后面的名词短语实际上是对digital divide一词的定义。

　　［阅读重点］so_called所谓的，注意要学会利用如破折号、括号、逗号等标点符号来定位一个词的补充说明成分。

　　［参考译文］现在越来越多的人开始关注所谓信息差异--即世界被划分为信息富裕阶层和信息贫困阶层。

　　2.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.

　　［结构剖析］注意主句是It is in the interest of business to do sth,前面as引导的是伴随状语，而非原因状语，要理解为"随着"，而非"因为"。后面破折号的部分是进一步解释说明前面的主句。

　　［阅读重点］注意几个词的含义：commercialized商业化，universalize access普及上网条件。

　　［参考译文］随着国际互联网变得越来越商业化，普遍化上网的途径是符合商业利益的--毕竟，上网的人越多，潜在的消费群体就越大。

　　3.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti_colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.

　　［结构剖析］本句的主干是some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti_colonial prejudices。前面的不定式可以被看成是一个目的状语。

　　［阅读重点］tool指上文的Internet，impoverished贫困的，get over克服，摒弃，with respect to在某个方面。

　　［参考译文］为了能充分利用互联网这个工具，一些贫困国家在对待外国的投资时就不得不克服早已过时的反殖民主义偏见。

　　4.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be.

　　［结构剖析］此处用了the more...the more...的句型。逗号之间的which today is an electronic infrastructure是Third Wave infrastructure非限定性定语从句。

　　［阅读重点］capital资金，Third Wave第三次浪潮，指后工业时代，即信息时代，infrastructure基础设施，better off的原形是well off家境好，富裕。

　　［参考译文］你拥有的能帮助建设第三次浪潮基础设施(即当今信息通讯设施)的外国投资越多，你将来就会越富有。

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