2001年阅读真题及语言点、难句详解(四)_新浪教育

2001年阅读真题及语言点、难句详解(四)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/05/21 15:25 新东方教育在线

　　Passage 4

　　The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave o

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f business concentration turnsintosan uncontrollable anti_competitive force?"

　　There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast_growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.

　　I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.

　　Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re_create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.

　　Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?

　　13. What is the typical trend of businesses today?

　　［A］to take in more foreign funds

　　［B］to invest more abroad

　　［C］to combine and become bigger

　　［D］to trade with more countries

　　14. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is .

　　［A］the greater customer demands

　　［B］a surplus supply for the market

　　［C］a growing productivity

　　［D］the increase of the world's wealth

　　15. From paragraph 4 we can infer that .

　　［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

　　［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

　　［C］The costs of the globalization process are enormous

　　［D］The Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

　　16. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be.

　　［A］optimistic

　　［B］objective

　　［C］pessimistic

　　［D］biased

　　第一部分文章背景

　　［内容分类］社会科学--经济学

　　本文又是一篇关于经济方面的文章，它描述了当今世界经济中的并购与收购风潮，并对这一潮流进行了评论。注意在这篇文章中出现了大量的时效性较强的信息，如戴姆勒(Daimler)与克莱斯勒(Chrysler)以及雷诺(Renault)与尼桑(Nissan)的并购案，甚至还出现了美联储主席格林斯潘的名字。

　　第二部分语言点详解

　　1. merger合并

　　［大纲词汇］mergev.使(企业、团体)合并；使融合mergern.合并

　　［经典例句］One solution might be a merger with another large electronics firm.

　　2. witness发生

　　［大纲词汇］witnessn.目击者，证人；证据，证明；v.目击，目睹；作证

　　［经典例句］The years have witnessed great changes in the city.

　　3. hyperactive极度活跃的

　　［大纲词汇］hyperactivea.活动过强的；极度活跃的

　　［构词方法］hyper_前缀，表示"超出"，"在…之上"

　　［联想记忆］hypercriticala.吹毛求疵的hypersensitivea.极度敏感的

　　4. unsurpassed无与伦比的

　　［大纲词汇］surpassv.胜过，超过

　　［经典例句］unsurpasseda.未被超越的，无与伦比的；卓越的

　　［经典例句］Her unsurpassed beauty bewitched everybody.

　　5. might力量

　　［大纲词汇］mightn.力量，威力，能力mightya.强有力的

　　［经典例句］He works with all his might.

　　6. uncontrollable不可控制的

　　［大纲词汇］controln.(over)控制，支配；v.控制，支配

　　［衍生词汇］controllablea.可控制的uncontrollablea.不可控制的

　　［经典例句］You should do something, lest the situation will become uncontrollable.

　　7. multinational多国的

　　［扩充词汇］multinationala.多国的；在多国经营的

　　［构词方法］multi_前缀，表示"多的"

　　［联想记忆］multilaterala.多边的multicentern.多个中心

　　8. account for占(比例)

　　［大纲词汇］account for说明(原因等)

　　［扩充词义］account for占(比例)

　　［经典例句］It accounts for 30 per cent of all railway accidents.

　　9. affiliate分公司

　　［大纲词汇］affiliatev.使隶属(或附属)于；n.附属机构，分公司

　　［经典例句］Affiliates and nonmembers attended the public ceremony.

　　10. segment部分

　　［大纲词汇］segmentn.段，片，节，部分

　　［经典例句］The runner went faster on the middle segment of the course.

　　11. ultimate根本的

　　［大纲词汇］ultimatea.最后的，最终的；根本的

　　［经典例句］The panel of economists are looking for the ultimate solution of the problem.

　　12. massive大规模的

　　［大纲词汇］massivea.大而重的，厚实的，粗大的；大规模的，大量的

　　［经典例句］The company has made massive effort to obtain the project.

　　13. underlie潜存于…之下

　　［扩充词汇］underliev.在…之下；潜存于…之下

　　［经典例句］Many facts underlie my decision.

　　14. globalization全球一体化

　　［大纲词汇］globala.全球的，世界的

　　［衍生词汇］globalizationn.全球一体化

　　15. barrier障碍

　　［大纲词汇］barriern.栅栏，屏障；障碍(物)

　　［经典例句］They had a discussion on how to break down the barriers of race.

　　16. detrimental有害的

　　［大纲词汇］detrimentn.损害，不利，伤害detrimentala.有害的，不利的

　　［经典例句］A poor diet is detrimental to one's health.

　　17. scanty少的

　　［大纲词汇］scantya.贫乏的，少的

　　［经典例句］In the end they came to the conclusion that evidence is scanty.

　　18. trust托拉斯

　　［扩充词义］trustn.托拉斯，垄断企业

　　19. break up

　　［大纲词汇］break up中止，结束；打碎，拆散

　　［经典例句］Their love affair was broken up by their parents.

　　20. megamerger大规模的合并

　　［构词方法］mega_前缀，表示"巨大的"，"强有力的"

　　［联想记忆］megaphonen.扩音器megastructuren.巨厦

　　21. supervise管理

　　［大纲词汇］supervisev.管理，监督

　　［经典例句］Two teachers will supervise the examination.

　　22. gigantic巨大的

　　［大纲词汇］gigantica.巨大的，庞大的

　　［经典例句］Titanic was a gigantic ship.

　　23. infringement侵害

　　［扩充词汇］infringementn.违反，违背；侵犯，侵害

　　［经典例句］We regarded their actions as infringement on the rights of the citizens.

　　24. take upon承担

　　［扩充词汇］take upon承担

　　［经典例句］She took upon the responsibility of educating his brother's children.

　　第三部分难句解析

　　1.International affiliates account for a fast_growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.

　　［结构剖析］本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast_growing segment of production in economies，后面的that open up and welcome foreign investment是economies的定语从句。

　　［阅读重点］注意一些词汇的含义：affiliate名词，意为分支机构，此处是指在世界各地都有分支的多国公司，并且是全句的主语；account for：是……的原因；economies在此处指经济领域的国家概念，因此用复数。

　　［参考译文］跨国公司在世界各地建立分公司正是为什么各国对外开放引进外资后生产力能得以迅猛发展的原因。

　　2.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.

　　［结构剖析］of smaller economic firms与of national businessmen都是the role的补语；而over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen与over the ultimate stability of the world economy都与concern相关连，是其补语。

　　［阅读重点］本句的重点在于看好concerns后面的结构，注意over the role与over the ultimate stability并列，而the role的后面有两个并列的of结构。

　　［参考译文］这种现象引起了对小型公司和民族商业家的角色地位以及世界经济的最终稳定的严重关切。

　　3.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.

　　［结构剖析］本句主语为I，谓语为believe，that引导了believe的宾语从句，其中的又一个that可替换为as the ones that，是一个定语从句。冒号后面的部分是the most important forces的同位语，其中markets后面的that从句是markets的定语，capable of meeting customers' demands是operations的补语。

　　［阅读重点］underlie在下面，作基础；barriers障碍物，壁垒；operations经营运作；meet sb's demands满足某人需求。

　　［参考译文］我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力同时也就是促成全球化进程的那方基石：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及大幅度拓展市场，这些都要求更大规模的经营管理以满足消费者需求。

　　4.And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?

　　［结构剖析］此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role，而that affect many other nations是issues的定语从句。as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case是issues的补语。on issues是take upon itself the role的状语。

　　［阅读重点］注意本句在阅读的时候要抓住它本身是一个问句,另外，vs.的意思对正确理解也很重要，它是指"对垒，对阵"，在法律的情景中就是"起诉，对簿公堂"的意思。

　　［参考译文］还有，当所处理的问题牵涉其他许多国家时，比如像在美国政府诉微软一案中，一个国家应不应该扮演"自由竞争保卫者"的角色？

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