2001年阅读真题及语言点、难句详解(五)_新浪教育

2001年阅读真题及语言点、难句详解(五)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/05/21 15:28 新东方教育在线

　　Passage 5

　　When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister

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, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".

　　Curiously, some two_and_a_half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excusesintosan absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,sintosa woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

　　I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much_publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build_up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative movesintos"downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12_hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".

　　In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well_established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti_consumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self_help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling_film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid_'90s equivalent of dropping out.

　　While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle_class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the '80s, downshifting in the mid_'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turningsintosone-as a personal recognition of your limitations.

　　17. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?

　　［A］Full_time employment is a new international trend.

　　［B］The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.

　　［C］"A lateral move" means stepping out of full_time employment.

　　［D］The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.

　　18. The writer's experiment shows that downshifting .

　　［A］enables her to realize her dream

　　［B］helps her mold a new philosophy of life

　　［C］prompts her to abandon her high social status

　　［D］leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine

　　19. "Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by .

　　［A］non_materialistic lifestyle

　　［B］a bit of everything

　　［C］extreme stress

　　［D］anti_consumerism

　　20. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of .［A］the quick pace of modern life

　　［B］man's adventurous spirit

　　［C］man's search for mythical experiences

　　［D］the economic situation

　　第一部分文章背景

　　［内容分类］人文科学--生活态度的转变本文的核心词就是"downshifting",是一篇通过自身的经历讲述生活态度转变的散文。在考研文章中，以第一人称叙事的不多，本文是一个比较好的范例。

　　第二部分语言点详解

　　1. lateral move侧面的袭击，偷袭

　　［大纲词汇］laterala.侧面的，旁边的

　　［经典例句］We noticed the lateral fin of the fish was bitten off.

　　2. block阻碍

　　［大纲词汇］blockn.大块木料(或石料，金属)，一排房屋，街区；阻塞v.阻塞，阻拦，封锁

　　［经典例句］The boxes blocked the way out.

　　3. prompt促使

　　［大纲词汇］promptv.激起，推动，促进

　　［经典例句］His contempt prompted her to work hard for success.

　　4. high profile引人注目的

　　［大纲词汇］profilen.侧面(像)；轮廓，外形；人物简介

　　［扩充词汇］high profile引人注目的，明确的，高姿态的

　　［经典例句］Following his inauguration, the President adopted a fairly high profile on relief problems.

　　5. in the manner of以…姿态

　　［扩充词汇］in the manner of以…的姿态

　　［经典例句］She behaved in the manner of a loving wife.

　　6. disgrace使蒙羞

　　［大纲词汇］disgracev.使失宠；玷污，使蒙羞；n.失宠，耻辱

　　［经典例句］His cowardice disgraced the whole team.

　　7. downshifting降低速度

　　［扩充词汇］downshiftv.(将)(汽车)调低速档downshiftingn.调低速档

　　8. absolute绝对的

　　［大纲词汇］absolutea.绝对的，完全的

　　［经典例句］He had absolute power over his family.

　　9. passionate富有激情的

　　［大纲词汇］passionn.热情，激情；爱好；激怒，大怒

　　［衍生词汇］passionatea.热情的，富有激情的

　　［经典例句］His passionate speech conquered everyone.

　　10. preach竭力鼓吹

　　［大纲词汇］preachv.宣讲(教义)，布道；竭力鼓吹，宣传；讲道，说教

　　［经典例句］He is always preaching the value of cold baths.

　　11. much_publicized引起公众极大注意的

　　［大纲词汇］publicityn.宣传，宣扬；公众的注意，名声

　　［衍生词汇］publicizev.引起公众对…的注意,宣传

　　much_publicizeda.引起公众极大注意的

　　［经典例句］He is very proud of his much_publicized design.

　　12. resignation辞职

　　［大纲词汇］resignv.辞去，辞职

　　resignationn.辞职，辞呈

　　［经典例句］His resignation was a great loss to the company.

　　13. editorship编辑工作

　　［大纲词汇］editorn.编辑，编者

　　［衍生词汇］editorshipn.编辑的职位，编辑工作

　　14. build_up积聚

　　［扩充词汇］build_upn.发展，增长，增强，积聚

　　［经典例句］The chemical build_up sat on the top of the city.

　　15. doctrine教义

　　［大纲词汇］doctrinen.教义，教条，主义

　　［经典例句］She is a firm supporter to the doctrine of Feminism.

　　16. juggling同时做几件事情,随意支配

　　［扩充词汇］jugglev.玩杂耍；尽力对付，使保持平衡

　　［经典例句］She has freedom to juggle her own time by working as a free lancer.

　　17. deadline最后期限

　　［大纲词汇］deadlinen.最后期限

　　［经典例句］Next Monday is the deadline for the term paper.

　　18. strain紧张

　　［大纲词汇］strainn.过多的疲劳，紧张；张力，应变；v.扭伤，拉伤；拉紧；紧张，尽力

　　［经典例句］She nearly broke down under the strain of her work.

　　19. limitation局限

　　［大纲词汇］limitationn.局限，局限性

　　［经典例句］He was unable to surpass the limitation of his ability.

　　20. well_established固定下来的

　　［扩充词汇］well_establisheda.固定下来的；得到确认的

　　［联想记忆］well_conducteda.品行端正的well_defineda.明确的

　　［经典例句］He was actually fighting against well_established beliefs.

　　21. ironically具有讽刺意味地

　　［扩充词汇］ironica.冷嘲热讽的，挖苦的；具有讽刺意味的

　　ironicallyad.挖苦地，嘲笑地；具有讽刺意味地

　　［经典例句］Ironically he was run over by his own car.

　　22. bestselling畅销的

　　［扩充词汇］bestsellinga.畅销的bestsellern.畅销书

　　［经典例句］She wrote a bestselling novel.

　　23. recycle循环

　　［扩充词汇］recyclev.使再循环；回收利用

　　［经典例句］These tin bottles were collected to be recycled.

　　24. cling_film胶带

　　25. equivalent相等物

　　［大纲词汇］equivalenta.(to)相等的，等价的，等值的；n.相等物，等价物，等值物

　　［经典例句］This Chinese word has no equivalent in English.

　　26. drop out退隐

　　［扩充词义］drop out退隐，逃避现实

　　［经典例句］The hippies dropped out completely.

　　27. redundancy裁员

　　［扩充词汇］redundancyn.多余；累赘，冗长；裁员

　　［经典例句］The increased use of oil will cause a lot of redundancies among coal miners.

　　28. thrift节约

　　［扩充词汇］thriftn.节俭，节约

　　［经典例句］She managed to get along with her small salary by thrift.

　　29. mythical虚构的

　　［大纲词汇］mythn.神话，虚构的理论

　　［衍生词汇］mythicala.神话的；虚构的

　　［经典例句］The explanation was entirely mythical.

　　30. compel强迫

　　［大纲词汇］compelv.强迫，迫使

　　［经典例句］The workers were compelled to work twelve hours a day.

　　第三部分难句解析

　　1.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".

　　［结构剖析］本句中a lateral move是主语，promoted是谓语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定语，although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family"是状语，其中逗号之间的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入语。

　　［阅读重点］注意找准主句主谓结构。

　　［参考译文］一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称"我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起"来掩盖我的退出。

　　2.Curiously, some two_and_a_half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excusesintosan absolute reality.

　　［结构剖析］本句主干是...my experiment...has turned my tired excusesintosan absolute reality。注意其谓语是一个turn sthsintossth的结构。前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。

　　［阅读重点］注意抓句子的主干，其中主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term "downshifting"看不懂可以跳过去。当然，如果我们对英语的语感较好，就可以猜测downshifting一词的意思与驾驶汽车有关，在这里，作者把生活比喻为开车，因此放弃对物质生活的热衷追求就像在开车时减档减速一样。

　　［参考译文］奇怪的是，在差不多两年半并完成了两部小说之后，我所亲历的美国人称之为"减低生活速度"的实验已将我厌倦的借口变成了纯粹的现实。

　　3.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much_publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build_up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative movesintos"downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

　　［结构剖析］I have discovered是主句的主谓结构，that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative movesintos"downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status是主句的宾语，其中abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative movesintos"downshifting"为该宾语从句的主语，brings为谓语。as perhaps Kelsey will after her much_publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build_up of stress既是伴随状语，又是插入语，其主语为Kelsey，谓语为will，而after her much_publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build_up of stress是本插入语中的时间状语。

　　［阅读重点］注意一些词汇的含义：much_publicized十分张扬的，She是杂志的名字，因此首字母须大写，build_up积聚，juggling忙碌，brings with it far greater rewards than带来的利益远远不止……。

　　［参考译文］或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后一样，我已经发现，放弃那种"为生活忙碌"的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。

　　4.Downshifting-also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti_consumerism.

　　［结构剖析］本句的句子结构是Downshifting has bred a new area，破折号之间的是插入结构，ironically也是插入语，可放在句首，what相当于thought which。

　　［阅读重点］重点是抓住句子的主干成分。

　　［参考译文］颇具讽刺意义的是，追求比较悠闲的生活--在美国还被称为"自愿简朴"--竟然孕育了一个全新的领域，或许可被定名为"反消费主义"。

　　5.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle_class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

　　［结构剖析］本句首先应该从in Britain的前面一分为二，前面讲的是在美国的情况，其中破折号之间的是一插入成分，而后面讲的是在英国的情况。

　　［阅读重点］注意英美两国的差异。

　　［参考译文］在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的--那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后--现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约生活的原因就多种多样了。

　　6.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the '80s, downshifting in the mid_'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turningsintosone-as a personal recognition of your limitations.

　　［结构剖析］本句主谓结构为...downshifting in the mid_'90s is not...。who were urged to keep juggling through the '80s是修饰the women of my generation的定语从句。growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turningsintosone既是插入语，又是the mythical good life的同位语。

　　［阅读重点］注意not so much A(a search for the mythical good life)as B(a personal recognition of your limitations)的句式含义，即与其说是A，不如说是B。

　　［参考译文］对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出现的归隐恬退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活--用有机肥种植蔬菜，并冒自己放弃一切的风险--不如说是我们清醒地认识到自身能力是有限的这一事实。

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