1995年考研英语阅读理解真题解析_新浪教育

1995年考研英语阅读理解真题解析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/06/17 18:27 新东方教育在线

　　Passage 1

　　Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously t

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o raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.

　　And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.

　　Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.

　　There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.

　　If its message were confined merely to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.

　　1. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that .

　　［A］he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising

　　［B］everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming

　　［C］advertising costs money like everything else

　　［D］it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising

　　2. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

　　［A］Securing greater fame.

　　［B］Providing more jobs.

　　［C］Enhancing living standards.

　　［D］Reducing newspaper cost.

　　3. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is .

　　［A］very precise in passing his judgment on advertising

　　［B］interested in nothing but the buyers' attention

　　［C］correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information

　　［D］obviously partial in his views on advertising

　　4. In the author's opinion, .

　　［A］advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information

　　［B］advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

　　［C］there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

　　［D］the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

　　第一部分文章背景

　　[内容分类]社会科学--经济学--广告

　　本文是一篇论述广告在现代社会经济生活中地位的文章。注意从第一句话开始，作者就全面肯定了广告的作用，因此他对广告的态度可以说是全面肯定的。

　　第二部分语言点详解

　　1. advertise做广告

　　[大纲词汇] advertise v.做广告

　　[衍生词汇] advertisement n.广告

　　[经典例句] The company advertised their goods extensively.

　　2. firm稳固的

　　[大纲词汇] firm a.坚固的；坚决的，坚定的；稳固的

　　[经典例句] She took a firm hold on her daughter.

　　3. competitive竞争的

　　[大纲词汇] competitive a.竞争的，比赛的

　　[经典例句] She best represented the competitive spirit of the team.

　　4. enormously巨大地

　　[大纲词汇] enormous a.巨大的，庞大的

　　[经典例句] The typhoon damaged the village enormously.

　　5. standard of living生活水平

　　[大纲词汇] standard n.标准，规则a.标准的

　　standardise/standardize v.使符合标准，使标准化

　　[经典例句] Her performance reached a high standard.

　　6. ensure保证

　　[大纲词汇] ensure v.确保，保证

　　[经典例句] He promised he would ensure his coming to the meeting.

　　7. licence许可证

　　[大纲词汇] license/licence n.许可证，执照v.准许，认可

　　[经典例句] His driving licence was confiscated owing to speeding.

　　8. tube地铁

　　[大纲词汇] tube v.管，软管；电子管，显象管；地铁

　　9. apart from除去

　　[大纲词汇] apart ad.撇开；分开，分离；相距，相隔

　　apart from除去

　　[经典例句] Apart from her friends, she also invited her colleagues to her wedding.

　　10. govern适用于，决定

　　[大纲词汇] govern v.统治，管理；决定，支配

　　government n.政府，内阁；管理，支配；政治，政体

　　governor n.总督，州(省)长

　　[经典例句] The Congress passed a new law governing the right to strike.

　　11. live up to做到

　　[大纲词汇] live up to做到,不辜负

　　[经典例句] The new house didn't live up to our expectations.

　　12. misleading骗人的

　　[大纲词汇] mislead v.把···带错路，使误入歧途

　　[衍生词汇] misleading a.使人产生误解的；导致错误结论的；骗人的

　　[经典例句] Bad advice can be misleading.

　　13. mercifully幸运的是

　　[大纲词汇] merciful a.仁慈的，宽大的

　　[扩充含义] merciful a.不幸之中算幸运的

　　[经典例句] Mercifully she didn't take the poisonous food.

　　14. touch on涉及

　　[大纲词汇] touch on关系到，涉及

　　[经典例句] Although his speech lasted for an hour, there are still some important issues he fail to touch on.

　　15. excessively极度地

　　[大纲词汇] excessive a.过多的，过分的，极度的

　　[经典例句] He grew up in a excessively poor family.

　　16. distinction差别

　　[大纲词汇] distinction n.差别，区分

　　[经典例句] I don't see any distinctions between the two cases.

　　17. persuade说服

　　[大纲词汇] persuade v.说服，劝说；(of)(使)相信

　　persuasion n.说服，使相信

　　persuasive a.有说服力的

　　[经典例句] He tried to persuade his friends to follow his advice.

　　18. confine局限于

　　[大纲词汇] confine v.(to, within)限制，局限于；管制，禁闭

　　[经典例句] These privileges are confined to upper class.

　　19. merely仅仅地

　　[大纲词汇] mere a.纯粹的；仅仅，不过

　　[经典例句] She was given merely an inferior position.

　　20. subtly不知不觉中起作用地

　　[大纲词汇] subtle a.精巧的，巧妙的；细微的，微妙的

　　[扩充含义] subtle a.不知不觉中起作用的

　　[经典例句] She hinted subtly that the new director was not eligible.

　　21. secure得到

　　[大纲词汇] secure a.(from, against)安全的，可靠的，放心的v.得到，获得；防护，保卫

　　[经典例句] She will do everything to secure his love.

　　22. enhance提高

　　[大纲词汇] enhance v.提高，增强

　　[经典例句] The diplomatic ties were enhance between the two countries.

　　23. deem认为

　　[大纲词汇] deem v.认为，相信

　　[经典例句] We deem him a trustworthy person.

　　24. precise精确的

　　[大纲词汇] precise a.精确的，准确的

　　[经典例句] The manager prefers precise reports.

　　25. partial偏颇的

　　[大纲词汇] partial a.部分的，不完全的；偏袒的，不公平的

　　[经典例句] A parent should not be partial to any of his children.

　　26. win over说服

　　[扩充词组] win over说服，把···争取过来

　　[经典例句] The candidate was accused of winning over voters by foul means.

　　第三部分难句解析

　　1. Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of.

　　[结构剖析]本句的主干非常简单，就是money is money.重点在于要看清修饰两个money的补语,特别是后面的一个中的那个as well as

　　[阅读重点]理解本句的核心在于了解as well as不是"也"的意思,其中的well就是一个副词表示"好",修饰过去分词spent,而后面的any指代的是any money.

　　[参考译文]在广告上花钱是一种和在其他任何我所知的方面花钱一样值得的一种方式。

　　2. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

　　[结构剖析]本句的主干在It serves to assist distribution.而thereby后面是两个由and连接起来的分词短语做补语，里面又有一个make + it + adj + to do sth的结构。

　　[阅读重点]本句的阅读重点在于理解这几个动词之间的逻辑关系。

　　[参考译文]它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。

　　3. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

　　[结构剖析]本句的主干在no regular advertiser dare promote a product，前面是一个Apart from引导的介词结构，介词宾语the fact后面又有一个同位语从句。在主句中，a product后面是一个定语从句hat fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements。

　　[阅读重点]注意文中acts指的是法案，而live up to表示"实现，兑现"的意思。另外apart from在这里是我们通常所说的"加法"的"除去"。

　　[参考译文]除去议会有二十七件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。

　　4. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.

　　[结构剖析]本句是一个条件句，主句的结构比较复杂，注意I know是一个非常短的定语从句，修饰proof,而后面的两个that引导的是两个同位语从句，修饰the surest proof,前面的那个同位语从句中又有一个宾语从句。

　　[阅读重点]看清本句的基本结构是阅读的重点。同时注意作者对广告抱完全肯定的态度。

　　[参考译文]如果你看到一个商品不停地在做广告，那么它是我所知的最确切的证据证明这个商品能够达到其所宣传的，而且它是物有所值。

　　5. If its message were confined merely to information----and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive---- advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.

　　[结构剖析]本句的主句是一个if引导的虚拟语气If its message were confined merely to information，advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.两个破折号中间的部分是一个补充说明成分，

　　[阅读重点]看清本句的基本结构是阅读的重点。注意作者使用了虚拟语气,显示了作者认为广告中只出现告知性信息的不可能性

　　[参考译文]如果其信息只被局限于告知--就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到，也是非常难做到的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色都会具有微妙的说服意味--那么广告就会如此的乏味以至于没有人会关注它。

　　第四部分

　　参考答案：1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C

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