《2004年考研英语模拟考场》全真模拟试题_新浪教育

《2004年考研英语模拟考场》全真模拟试题

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/12/08 17:45 中国人民大学出版社

　　作者：张锦芯

　　全真模拟试题

　　SectionⅠ Listening Comprehension

　　Directions:

　　This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.

　　Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

　　Now look at Part A in your test booklet.

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　For Questions 1～5, you will hear a conversation about the world population. While you listen, fill out the table with the information youve heard. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)

　　Information about the World PopulationYears taken for population increase from 500 million to 1 billion1Reached 2 million (year)1927A world population of 10 billion (year)2Predicted tendency of population growth rateslowNumber of deaths per minute103Natural increase in world population per hour3Net population gain in China per day4Growth rate of Chinas population in 84 years5Part B

　　Directions:

　　For Questions 6～10, you will hear a talk about gymnastics. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. (5 points)

　　The nineteenth century saw the beginning of6What is an important part of training in gymnastics?7In competitions women perform some of their exercises to8What is the performance that both men and women do?9To avoid being caught on the equipment, gymnasts must wear tight clothing without10Part C

　　Directions:

　　You will hear 3 pieces of recorded materials. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)

　　Questions 11～13 are based on the following conversation about Oscar Awards. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11～13.

　　11. Who will select the Best Actress winner in Academy Awards?

　　［A］Asgroupsof learned film producers.

　　［B］Asgroupsof established directors.

　　［C］Asgroupsof enthusiastic audience.

　　［D］Asgroupsof wellknown actors.

　　12. Who was George Stanley?

　　［A］An American sculptor who created the human figure for the award.

　　［B］A famous actor who won Oscar more than once in the history of Oscar.

　　［C］The man who first presented Academy Award.

　　［D］An American motionpicture art director who sketched the image of the world.

　　13. How does the woman know so much about Oscar Awards?

　　［A］Her friend told her.

　　［B］She once attended the award ceremony.

　　［C］She got the knowledge from the course she attended.

　　［D］She works in a film industry.

　　Questions 14～16 are based on the following conversation about how to succeed in getting a job. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14～16.

　　14.swheresdo you think the woman works?

　　［A］In a human resources company.

　　［B］In a consulting company.

　　［C］In a personnel department.

　　［D］In a shipping department.

　　15. What does the woman suggest the man do?

　　［A］Outline his past better.

　　［B］Send his resume directly to the manager.

　　［C］Send the same resume to different companies.

　　［D］State the value he will bring to the company.

　　16. The man failed in the previous interviews because

　　［A］he held a negative attitude at the interview.

　　［B］he showed bad manners.

　　［C］he was not confident enough.

　　［D］he did not possess the desired qualification.

　　Questions 17～20 are based on the following interview. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17～20.

　　17. Why did the man go to live in the country?

　　［A］Because he liked working with the children.

　　［B］Because he lost his job.

　　［C］Because he hated being a clerk.

　　［D］Because he wanted to be a farmer.

　　18. What is true of the man?

　　［A］He moved to another country.

　　［B］He didnt buy a small holding.

　　［C］He studied for a social diploma for two years.

　　［D］He didnt have formal education.

　　19.shavingsdecided to move to the countryside, the first problem for the man was

　　［A］finding a place to live.

　　［B］buying a house.

　　［C］finding means to live on.

　　［D］buying a farm.

　　20. From the interview, we learn that the man was

　　［A］very ambitious and calculating.

　　［B］quite experienced in dealing with kids.

　　［C］anxious to start up his nursery in a small cottage.

　　［D］good at gardening.

　　You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

　　SectionⅡ Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　The human race is using up the Earths resources faster than ever before, according to a new report by the United Nations Population Fund. "Environmental devastation is not simply a waste of 21 , it is a threat to the complex structures that 22 human development," says the report. 23 attention must be paid to find a(n) 24 between human and environmental needs, it says.

　　The report, State of the World Population 2001, says that water supplies and agricultural lands are coming 25 such increasing pressure that, if left 26 , our planet will not be able to support us in future years. Over the past 70 years, the worlds population has tripled to 61 billion people, 27 wateruse increasing sixfold, says the report. Already 508 million people live in 31 countries that lack water. And the problem is likely to 28 as the global population is 29 to rise to eight billion by 2025.

　　By 2050, predicts the report, 42 billion people will be living in countries that cannot meet peoples daily 30 needs. Unclean water and poor sanitation already kills over 12 million people every year. Food production is also 31 by environmental problems, says the report.

　　"To 32 the future population and improve their diets, the world will have to double food production," it says. "But since available cropland is 33 , most production will have to come from higher 34 rather than new 35 ."

　　According to the report, global poverty cannot be 36 without 37 the environmental damage caused by these increases in consumption and population 38 . To reduce the burden on the planet, the report suggests, all efforts should be 39 to improve education and healthcare, as this would 40 reduce population growth.

　　21.［A］facilities ?［B］resources ?［C］reserves ?［D］provisions

　　22.［A］support［B］found［C］retain［D］advocate

　　23.［A］Intensive［B］Intense［C］Emergent［D］Urgent

　　24.［A］equation［B］tradeoff［C］balance［D］axis

　　25.［A］under［B］into［C］below［D］beyond

　　26.［A］unnoticed［B］behind［C］alone［D］unchecked

　　27.［A］in［B］with［C］by［D］above

　　28.［A］aggravate［B］heighten［C］decline［D］worsen

　　29.［A］projected［B］speculated［C］intended［D］assessed

　　30.［A］luxurious［B］utmost［C］intrinsic［D］basic

　　31.［A］affected［B］effected［C］reflected［D］generated

　　32.［A］contain［B］lodge［C］furnish［D］accommodate

　　33.［A］shrinking［B］diminishing［C］contracting［D］waning

　　34.［A］outputs［B］turnovers［C］yields［D］harvests

　　35.［A］cultivation［B］production［C］farming［D］plowing

　　36.［A］lightened［B］released［C］elevated［D］alleviated

　　37.［A］reversing［B］inverting［C］upsetting［D］disregarding

　　38.［A］standards［B］indexes［C］norms［D］levels

　　39.［A］tried［B］taken［C］done［D］made

　　40.［A］in effect［B］in turn［C］in part［D］by turns

　　SectionⅢ Reading ComprehensionPart A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　During the last three years, many speculated high about the possible intrusions concerning the corporate computing systems and global computing infrastructure. Fortunately, such and many other frightening predictions did not come true. Surely, technology is the prime reason for this achievement but at the core lies the work environment and the human factor.

　　We have seen that IT leaders in almost all areas have enormously reduced their expenses by adopting winning solutions provided by todays security vendors. Does this mean technology alone is sufficient to deliver? No, in the truest sense, policies, their enforcement, along with education and training provide a winning combination to secure corporate computing.

　　As far as technology is concerned, due credit goes to security vendors and service providers for shielding users in many ways, from desktop antivirus software to integrated security appliances. Also, myths about the role played by operating systems in security have finally died out. Almost all OS vendors such as Microsoft, IBM, Sun, Red Hat, etc. have earned trust and recognition with their installed systems, suggesting that security is not a feature of an operating system.

　　The recently conducted 2003 InfoWorld Security Survey of more than 500 IT executives and strategists reveals that around 49 percent of reader respondents felt confidence in their systemsperformance with fiftytwo percent observing fewer than 100 attempts against their networks in the past year. This highlights the role of policies, enforcement, and positive culture in shielding away security breaches. In todays IT culture, playing a blackhat is no longer desirable; rather it leads to quick apprehension and strict punishment with years to be spent behind the bars. Alternatively, one can earn both career and recognition by helping out the industry with ways and means of fighting security breaches and hostile attacks-this way of lookingsintosthe matter is rapidly gaining support by many.

　　Training is another important concern for IT leaders-it includes training to avert human error and improve overall security practices. Unfortunately, a large part, 79 percent, of InfoWorld 2003 Security Survey respondents felt their corporation employees and users underestimated the importance of adhering to their companys security policies. Its critical not to underestimate the role of sound security practices since employees and users shape the needs for enterprise services.

　　Two other elements must also be kept in consideration: rigorous education and awareness of security requirements and significant number of staff to monitor and enforce security practices in the enterprise, the need for which is stronger than ever since many enterprises today handle security internally. All this underscores greater demand for training and education for securityrelated workers.

　　41. Which of the following elements is the most critical to online security according to the author?

　　［A］IT culture.［B］Desktop antivirus software.

　　［C］Operating systems.［D］The efforts by online security vendors.

　　42. An operating system is no guarantee of online security probably because

　　［A］some OS suppliers are not trustworthy.

　　［B］antivirus software is not updated in due time.

　　［C］it still fails to shield users from intrusions.

　　［D］some terminals are not installed with such a system.

　　43. The 2003 survey reveals that

　　［A］hostile online attacks are still rampant.

　　［B］other elements than technology are at work for greater security.

　　［C］fighting online attacks is a neverending battle.

　　［D］new operating systems should be updated constantly to fight viruses.

　　44. It is important that employees stick to their companys security policies because

　　［A］they often make errors in operating their systems.

　　［B］everyone will have to follow the rules anyway.

　　［C］security breaches are often caused by their blunders.

　　［D］they are the ultimate users of the network.

　　45. The word "underscore" in the last sentence of the text probably means

　　［A］underestimate.［B］ignore.［C］emphasize.［D］meet.

　　Text 2

　　Since the buildup to the war with Iraq, British Prime Minister Tony Blair has taken it on the chin from the media. The British media ordinarily grill politicians, but in this case they have been particularly feisty, empowered by opinion polls that showed most Brits wanted nothing to do with invading Iraq. Until now the American media, which by nature are less aggressive than their British counterparts but probably are taking a lead from polls and politicians that supported the administrations war stance, have gone relatively easy on President Bush.

　　But this week the media have hit the administration hard with questions about Bushs State of the Union statement that Iraq was acquiring uranium from Niger, one of the adminstrations justifications for war. And with the 2004 campaign heating up and Bushs approval rating dipping, his administration is being grilled harder than it has been in months. Experts say the questioning will get sharper as summer progresses.

　　That Democrats are just now "beginning to get traction" on the justification for the war is an example of how differently politics are played in the USAthan they are in Britain, says Martin Turner, Washington bureau chief of the BBC,swherescorrespondents have been highly critical of the war and suspicious of administration claims that weapons of mass destruction exist in Iraq.

　　In Britain,swheresa prime minister must defend himself every week before Parliament, the media take a "much more muscular approach to grilling politicians", Turner says. Here, the BBC is often regarded as a rather impolite member of the Washington press corps. We tend to ask questions in a different way than they are asked on the Sunday political programs.

　　In London, Michael Goldfarb, senior correspondent for National Public Radio affiliate WBUR in Boston, says his British counterparts talk about "how astonishing the ride has been for Bush" and how the Bush administration "manages the news like its nobodys business. Here they call Blair `Bushs poodle". But then again, he says, British media "simply dont hold to the American notion of objectivity and certainly not impartiality". ABC anchor Peter Jennings, who reported from London in the70s and80s, says he has "always been struck by how much more aggressive the British press is. Theyre simply much more aggressive." In the USA., "there is no doubt that the press is aware of the influence of a powerful president, and the press is aware to some extent that it is in competition for public opinion, so there is always stress between a powerful president and the press." But in the past week, with debate over the war heating up, it led several of JenningsWorld News Tonight broadcasts. "Our reporters sense some deep concern about what is happening."

　　46. The text is primarily concerned with

　　［A］the moderate tone of American media.

　　［B］the different questions reporters put to country leaders.

　　［C］the aggressive nature of British media.

　　［D］the embarrassed British and US. leaders after the war in Iraq.

　　47. From the first sentence of the text we learn that the British Prime Minister

　　［A］has had a hard time with the media.

　　［B］has won some favor with the media.

　　［C］gets enough support for his war initiative from the public.

　　［D］has countered allegations on him mercilessly through the media.

　　48. It is implied in paragraphs 2 and 3 that Bush might lose a second term if

　　［A］he did not remedy the mistake he made in the State of Union statement.

　　［B］the media continued to side with the Democrats against the war in Iraq.

　　［C］the BBC correspondents in Washington kept putting aggressive questions to him.

　　［D］he could not come up with evidence in favor of his justification for the war.

　　49. The reaction of an American correspondent to British media can be best described as one of

　　［A］disgust.［B］surprise.

　　［C］contempt.［D］admiration.

　　50. What Jennings said implies that the press in America

　　［A］is too obedient to the president.

　　［B］is more mindful of the public reaction to the report.

　　［C］makes sure that its reports are in line with government policies.

　　［D］is actually more aggressive than its British counterpart.

　　Text 3

　　In their world of darkness, it would seem likely that some of the animals might have become blind, as has happened to some cave fauna. So, indeed, many of them have, compensating for the lack of eyes with marvelously developed feelers and long, slender fins and processes with which they grope their way, like so many blind men with canes, their whole knowledge of friends, enemies, or food coming to them through the sense of touch.

　　The last traces of plant life are left behind in the thin upper layer of water, for no plant can live below about 600 feet even in very clear water, and few find enough sunlight for their foodmanufacturing activities below 200 feet. Since no animal can make its own food, the creatures of the deeper waters live a strange, almost parasitic existence of utter dependence on the upper layers. These hungry carnivores prey fiercely and relentlessly upon each other, yet the whole community is ultimately dependent upon the slow rain of descending food particles from above. The components of this neverending rain are the dead and dying plants and animals from the surface, or from one of the intermediate layers. For each of the horizontal zones or communities of the sea that lie between the surface and the sea bottom, the food supply is different and in general poorer than for the layer above.

　　Pressure, darkness, and silence are the conditions of life in the deep sea. But we know now that the conception of the sea as a silent place is wholly false. Wide experience with hydrophones and other listening devices for the detection of submarines has proved that, around the shore lines of much of the world, there is the extraordinary uproar produced by fishes, shrimps, porpoises and probably other forms not yet identified. There has been little investigation as yet of sound in the deep, offshore areas, but when the crew of the Atlantis lowered a hydrophonesintosdeep water off Bermuda, they recorded strange mewing sounds, shrieks, and ghostly moans, the sources of which have not been traced. But fish of shallower zones have been captured and confined in aquaria,swherestheir voices have been recorded for comparison with sounds heard at sea, and in many cases satisfactory identification can be made.

　　During the Second World War the hydrophone network set up by the United States Navy to protect the entrance to Chesapeake Bay was temporarily made useless when, in the spring of 1942, the speakers at the surface began to give forth, every evening, a sound described as being like "a pneumatic drill tearing up pavement". The extraneous noises that came over the hydrophones completely masked the sounds of the passage of ships. Eventually it was discovered that the sounds were the voices of fish known as croakers, which in the spring movesintosChesapeake Bay from the offshore wintering grounds. As soon as the noise had been identified and analyzed, it was possible to screen it out with an electric filter, so that once more only the sounds of ships came through the speakers.

　　51. Many underwater animals cannot see because

　　［A］the lack of light has gradually eliminated their capacity to see.

　　［B］they use sound waves instead of light to navigate in the darkness.

　　［C］they have learned to survive without seeing their enemies or their prey.

　　［D］their sense of touch has eliminated their need to see.

　　52. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a use for a hydrophone?

　　［A］To listen to the sound of undersea fauna.

　　［B］To search for unknown species of fish and other creatures.

　　［C］To monitor the passing of surface vessels.

　　［D］To detect submerged submarines.

　　53. Animals that live near the bottom of the sea are most likely to be carnivorous because

　　［A］they have developed sharp teeth and strong jaws with which to kill their prey.

　　［B］plants that grow far below the surface are not edible.

　　［C］animals cannot make their own food, so they eat each other.

　　［D］most surface vegetation is eaten before it sinks to the bottom of the sea.

　　54. Which of the following statements about the state of oceanographic research does the text most clearly support?

　　［A］Undersea research is still incomplete.

　　［B］Technology used in undersea studies is still in a very primitive stage of development.

　　［C］More undersea research is conducted near shore than in midocean.

　　［D］Military researchers have made several momentous discoveries about undersea life.

　　55. The authors main purpose in the text is to

　　［A］show that the United States coast was threatened by the enemy in World WarⅡ.

　　［B］explain some of the complexities of deepsea life.

　　［C］illustrate the main problems faced by undersea researchers.

　　［D］gain public support for oceanographic expeditions.

　　Text 4

　　Cancer researchers are learning to read genes like a crystal ball to predict how patients will respond to cancer therapy, who will suffer the worst side effects and what treatments may be best for a particular patient. Foreseeing the outcome of treatment, and knowing with certainty which drugs are best for individual patients, have long been the goals of cancer researchers.

　　For at least 40 years, oncologists have puzzled over why some patients respond so well to chemotherapy while others obtain modest benefits or none at all. The discovery decades ago that linked a chromosome abnormality to one form of leukemia paved the way for the development of the drug Gleevec by Druker and the ability to identify the patients most likely to benefit. More recently, with the wealth of knowledge from the Human Genome Project, researchers have been able to develop even more specific tools to create genetic profiles of tumors and match those profiles with the right drugs. The tools also help determine which patients are most likely to experience the worst side effects of specific types of chemotherapy and guide them to other treatments.

　　Researchers from the University of Chicago studied alterations of the UGT1A1 gene, associated with an increased chance of chemotherapy side effects. Mark Ratain and his team studied 61 colon cancer patients receiving irinotecan and learned that patients with alterations of the gene labeled as 7/7 were most likely to suffer severe losses of white blood cells. Patients with the 6/7 alteration type had intermediate side effects, and patients with the 6/6 type had none.

　　Scientists at the Massachusetts General Hospital examined genes that normally have the ability to repair damage to DNA in cells called XPD and XRCC1. The number of variations in these genes indicate how long a patient is likely to survive. Sarada Gurubhagavatula and her team studied variations of these genes in 103 patients diagnosed with advanced nonsmallcell lung cancer. Patients with a total of three variations in the genes survived a median of 68 months; those with two variations survived 11 months; patients with one variation survived 166 months; and those with no variations survived 204 months. Gurubhagavatula says the variations could be identified and those with the worst predicted outcomes put on chemotherapy regimens that offer better odds of survival.

　　Scientists at CedarsSinai Medical Center and Genomic Health Inc. have developed a way to test lung tumors for genetic profiles associated with responses to the new lung cancer drug Iressa. The drug has been shown to shrink tumors in 10% to 12% of patients with advanced lung cancer. David Agus at CedarSinai found a pattern of 185 genes that are turned off and on in a manner that correlates with response to Iressa or to a lack of response. When used commercially, the test will target patients most likely to benefit and will allow patients to make other choices if the negative profile is found.

　　56. The text is mainly about

　　［A］the search for effective cancer treatment drugs.

　　［B］the goals of cancer therapy.

　　［C］the success in reading genes.

　　［D］the advances in cancer treatment.

　　57. The achievements from Human Genome Project enable researchers to

　　［A］diagnose a chromosome abnormality more accurately.

　　［B］develop cancer treatment drugs like Gleevec.

　　［C］administer cancer treatment with less side effect.

　　［D］come up with chemotherapy as an effective tool for cancer treatment.

　　58. The purpose of the author in mentioning the three researches is to

　　［A］make a contrastive analysis of them.

　　［B］illustrate the achievements in cancer therapy.

　　［C］present the similarities and differences between them.

　　［D］show how altered genes can cause cancer.

　　59. Sarada and her team are convinced that

　　［A］research on genes offers them greater predictive power.

　　［B］lung cancer is caused by variation of genes.

　　［C］patients can survive lung cancer by altering their genes.

　　［D］chemotherapy can save even the worst lung cancer patients.

　　60. As is used in the text, the word "profile" most probably means

　　［A］graphic presentation.［B］scientific discovery.

　　［C］inherited source.［D］specific treatment plan.

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

　　(61) Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered "striking" differences between men and women in a part of the brain linked with ability to estimate time, judge speed, visualize things threedimensionally and solve mathematical problems.

　　(62) The differences, the researchers say, may underlie wellknown trends that vary by sex, such as the fact that more men than women are architects, mathematicians and racecar drivers.

　　In a study reported this week in the journal Cerebral(大脑的) Cortex(皮层), the researchers show that a brain region called the inferior parietal lobule (IPL下顶叶) is significantly larger overall in men than in women. The area is part of the cerebral cortex and appears on both sides of the brain just above earlevel.

　　Also, theres a symmetry difference, with menshavingsa larger left IPL than right. (63) In women in the study, its the right IPL thats somewhat larger, though the difference between the two sides of the brain is less obvious than in men, says psychiatrist Godfrey Pearlson, M.D., who headed the project.

　　Researchers also compared IPL volumes on the left and the right sides of the brain. After allowances for mens larger overall head and brain size, men had roughly 6 percent more IPL tissue than women.

　　"The inferior parietal lobule is far more developed in people than in animals and has evolved relatively recently," says Pearlson. (64) It allows the brain to process information from senses such as vision and touch, and enables the sort of thinking involved in selective attention and perception.

　　Studies link the right IPL with a working memory of spatial relationships, the ability to sense relationships between body parts and awareness of a persons own affect or feelings. The left IPL, Pearlson says, is more involved in perception, such as judging how fast something is moving, estimating time andshavingsthe ability to mentally rotate 3D figures.

　　"To say this means men are automatically better at some things than women is a simplification," says Pearlson. "Its easy to find women who are fantastic at math and physics and men who excel in language skills. Only when we look at very large populations and look for slight but significant trends do we see the generalizations. (65) There are plenty of exceptions, but theres also a grain of truth, revealed through the brain structure, that we think underlies some of the ways people characterize the sexes."

　　SectionⅣ Writing

　　66.Directions:

　　In this section,you are required to write an essay in accordance with the following requirements.(20 points)

　　A. Title: Ensure the Rights of Disabled People

　　B. Word limit: no less than 200 words

　　C. Your composition should be based on the outline below.

　　D. Your composition should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　Outline:

　　1. Disabled people in present social conditions，

　　2. Care for disabled people，and

　　3. My view.

　　Words and Phrases for Reference:

　　respect their rights be confronted with efforts laid off

　　eliminate reduction that is to say tougher time

　　discrimination victims be judged by

　　全真模拟试题解析

　　(一)听力

　　Directions:

　　Now look at Part A in your test booklet.

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　［Pause 0025］

　　［Tone］

　　W: Professor Lee, the worlds population passed six billion on October 11, 1999, we are told. How long did it take to get there and how long will it take to reach seven billion? And ten billion?

　　M: The worlds population was 300 million at the dawn of the Christian era, what we now call the year 1 AD. In AD 1500, the worlds population reached 500 million. It took 304 years until 1804 to reach one billion, another 123 years until 1927, to reach two billion and then only another 33 years, until 1960, to add another billion to reach three billion.

　　W: Its very impressive that the recurring milestones of another billion added to the worlds population occurred quite quickly.

　　M: Indeed. The world population reached four billion in 14 years in 1974; five billion in 13 years in 1987, and six billion in 12 years in 1999. Data suggests that a world population of seven, eight, and nine billion will take respectively another 11, 12 and 14 years to achieve. The worlds population should hit ten billion midway through the 21st century in the year 2054.

　　W: Do we have any good news except the terrifying data?

　　M: Well, as a matter of fact, the rate of growth is slowing and this slowing down is predicted to continue. Talking about rate of growth, the United Statesbased lobbysgroupsNegative Population Growth calculates that 250 people are born each minute and 103 die, making a natural world increase in population of 147 per minute, or 8 820 per hour.

　　W: What about that in China?

　　M: In one minute, about 36 people are born and nine die, that leads to a net population gain per day of 39 096. If the current rate of population expansion continues, Chinas presentday population will double in size in 84 years.

　　W: You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 1～5.

　　［Pause 0030］

　　Now you will hear the recording again.

　　［The recording is repeated.］

　　You now have 20 seconds to check your answers to Questions 1～5.

　　［Pause 0020］

　　That is the end of Part A.

　　Answers: 1. 304

　　2. 2054

　　3. 8 820

　　4. 39 096

　　5. double/doubled

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　［Pause 0025］

　　［Tone］

　　The words "gymnastics" and "gym" come from the Greek language, for it was in Greece that Olympic competitions started. There are also records of gymnastics being performed in China and some other Asian countries. Modern gymnastics began in the nineteenth century. In 1811 an outdoor gymnastics center for men was opened in Berlinswheresthey could do bodybuilding and exercises on a high bar and other pieces of equipment. At the same time, gymnastics, without equipment, was developed in Sweden as a keepfit program for schools.

　　Dance is an important part of training as it prepares you for the types of movements required in gymnastics. One of the aims is to make the body stronger for jumps and turns and for movements of balance. It also helps your body bend forwards, backwards and sideways, and improves the way you hold your body. In competitions women perform some of their exercises to music, so dance, gymnastics and music are all connected.

　　To become a top gymnast, it is important to start when very young. In fact, most gymnasts start with simple exercises while they are still at kindergarten. Girls are already performing in competitions by the age of ten, and Olympic medals are often won by fourteenor fifteenyearold girls.

　　Boys develop physically later than girls and so Olympic gymnastics medals are usually won by men between the ages of nineteen and twentyfive. Some pieces of equipment, for example the rings, require great physical strength and boys need to develop their bodies fully before attempting such difficult exercises.

　　In competitions, gymnasts have to perform on different pieces of equipment. All gymnasts perform on the floor and jump over a "horse" with four legs. Gymnasts have to show that they can move neatly and easily, hold a position steady, keep their balance while doing a handstand, and jump both forwards and backwards.

　　Only men perform on the rings, on the double bars, on the high bar, and on a type of "horse" with four legs which has two handles fixed to the top surface. Only women perform on the highandlow bars, one of which is higher than the other, and the "beam",which is a length of wood only four inches wide which is fixed at a height of 120 meters above the ground. Both men and women do floor exercises on the mat.

　　There are a few simple safety measures to follow while training.

　　First, it is important always to work with a trainer. Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous.

　　Second, make sure you take off any watches, rings or necklaces before you start.

　　Third, wear tight clothing without collars or belts so that it doesnt catch on any of the equipment.

　　Fourth, look after your health and do not practice if you are unwell or have any injury.

　　You now have 50 seconds to check your answers to Questions 6～10.

　　［Pause 0050］

　　Now you will hear the recording again.

　　［The recording is repeated.］

　　You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 6～10.

　　［Pause 0030］

　　That is the end of Part B.

　　Answers: 6. modern gymnastics

　　7. dance

　　8. music

　　9. floor exercises

　　10. collars or belts

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Questions 11～13 are based on the following conversation about Oscar Awards. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11～13.

　　［Pause 0015］

　　［Tone］

　　M: Hey. Have you ever heard of Oscars, or Academy Awards?

　　W: Well, I should say Ive done more than hearing of it. I know it quite well. Academy Awards or Oscars, are given every year in the United States by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for excellence in the creation and production of motion pictures. First presented in 1929, Oscars are among the film industrys most desired prizes.

　　M: That seems very interesting. I wonder whether you know the principal categories for Academy Awards winners.

　　W: They include Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Foreign Language Film, Best Special Effect, Best Sound, Best Musical Score, etc.

　　M: Oh, it seems quite inclusive.

　　W: But not many can get one during the whole life. And for most award categories, a maximum of five entrants are first nominated by the academy members who are in that particular field. That is, actors select actors, directors select directors and so on. From among these nominees, all academy members select the winner by secret ballot. The winners are publicly announced at a formal ceremony each spring.

　　M: Yeah. Thats really competitive, but what will each winner get? A certain amount of bonus?

　　W: No. Actually, a gold plated bronze human figure created by American sculptor George Stanley will be awarded to each winner.

　　M: Oh, I see. Thank you for your explanation. How do you manage to know all these?

　　W: Well, last semester I took a course in the history of films.

　　You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11～13.

　　［Pause 0030］

　　Questions 14～16 are based on the following conversation about how to succeed in getting a job. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14～16.

　　［Pause 0015］

　　［Tone］

　　M: Good morning, Miss White. Im Bill Green. Yesterday afternoon I called you…

　　W: Ah, yes, Mr. Green, I remember our appointment. You said you have some trouble in finding a job?

　　M: Yes, You see, personally I think I have got good qualifications. But out of some reason, I often fail during or after the interview.

　　W: May I have a look at your resume?

　　M: Sure.

　　W: Well, first I must say, your resume has outlined your past very well, but only a statement of past can rarely get you inside a company. I suggest you give employers an example of what you can do for them. You may create a new area in your resume. Call it "value offered". In two sentences, state the value you would bring to that particular employer.

　　M: Hey, I get that point! For example, I can say things like "I can reduce your operations costs by streamlining your shipping department. "

　　W: Exactly. But be specific and create a separate resume for each company you approach. By the way, do you feel nervous at an interview?

　　M: Oh, yes. I always think these interviewers want nothing but to humiliate us. So I always feel its like facing your enemy.

　　W: Then you should give yourself an attitude adjustment. Remember, the employers want to hire you. A company holds interviews so it can find the best person for the job, the manager will be ecstatic if that person turns out to be you-because then he or she can stop interviewing and get back to work. If you convince yourself the manager wants to hire you, you will have a positive attitude at the interview, and your attitude might influence the manager to feel good about you.

　　M: Thank you, Miss White. I have learned a lot from what youve told me.

　　W: Youre welcome. I wish you good luck!

　　You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 14～16.

　　［Pause 0030］

　　Questions 17～20 are based on the following interview. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17～20.

　　［Pause 0020］

　　［Tone］

　　Interviewer: Right then, Roger, what made you take off to the country in the place?

　　Roger: Well, I suppose any one who moves to the country wants their life to be different in some way. I mean, if you have always lived in a city, as I had, then something must happen to make you want to move…In my case I was made redundant and, when it came to looking around for a new job, I just couldnt face going backsintosan of ice again. So I sat down and thought about what Id really like to do.

　　Interviewer: And that, I suppose, turned out to be something in the country?

　　Roger: No, initially I didnt think of moving, but just of getting a different kind of job, you know social work with kids or old people, that kind of thing.

　　Interviewer: So what happened, why didnt you?

　　Roger: Well, I hadnt got any of the right qualifications, and it would have taken me two years to have qualified…and I certainly didnt want to go back to formal education again.

　　Interviewer: Couldnt you have learned while on the job…sort of picked it up as you went along?

　　Roger: No, you have to have a diploma. Anyway, after talking it over with friends who had moved out I thought Id like to give it a try-after all, a change of scene…

　　Interviewer: Is better than…yes, we all know that. So,swheresdid you go when you did decide to move?

　　Roger: I went right out-to Shropshire. After all I thought if youre going to go rural you might as well do it properly. The first problem though was how was I going to make a living-there are fewer jobs in the country, so I decided to start up on my own.

　　Interviewer: Thats pretty ambitious, a townie moving off to the depths of the country and setting up his own business. How did you start, had you got any skills?

　　Roger: Id always had a garden and grown some vegetables and flowers, you know, usual things, salad stuff, carrots, peas, beans, a bit of fruit, some roses…so I thought of a small holding, a kind of small farm. But when I looked at the prices to buy, I changed my mind; I didnt have that kind of money.

　　Interviewer: OK, a farms out-so whats next?

　　Roger: I settled on a nursery and bought my waysintosa partnership with a…［FADE OUT］

　　You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17～20.

　　［Pause 0040］

　　［Tone］

　　That is the end of Part C.

　　You now have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

　　［Pause 0500］

　　［Tone］

　　That is the end of Listening Comprehension.

　　Answers: 11.［D］12.［A］13.［C］14.［B］15.［D］

　　16.［A］17.［B］18.［B］19.［C］20.［D］

　　(二)英语知识运用

　　短文大意：世界人口基金会的报告表明，人类在破坏环境的同时不仅浪费了资源，而且对支撑人类发展的复杂结构造成了威胁。人类必须迅速在本身需求与环境需求之间找到平衡，否则未来世界将无法为日益增长的人口提供生存条件。如果不逆转人类对环境造成的破坏，全球贫困状况就不会缓解；而为了减轻地球的负担，就必须改善教育和保健以降低人口增长速度。

　　首句译文："根据联合国人口基金会的最新报道，人类正以前所未有的高速耗尽地球的资源。"

　　21.［B］resources

　　根据文章主题可选resources(复数形式)，意为"资源"。其他选项意义片面，故排除。［A］facilities意为"设备、设施"；［C］reserves意为"储备物、储备金"；［D］provisions(复数形式)意为"给养、口粮"。

　　22.［A］support

　　support意为"支撑、支持"。受到威胁的复杂结构支撑着人类发展，因此选［A］，其他选项不合文意。［B］found"成立、创办"；［C］retain"保持、保留"，如：retain a sense of dignity"保持尊严"；［D］advocate"提倡、鼓吹"，常用人作主语，如：Extremists were openly advocating violence."极端主义者公开倡导暴力。"

　　23.［D］Urgent

　　urgent意为"紧迫的、急迫的"，其他选项不合文意。［A］Intensive"集中的、加强的"，如：intensive training"强化训练"；［B］Intense"强烈的、剧烈的"，如：intense pain"剧烈的疼痛"；［C］Emergent"意外的、突发的"，如：emergent danger"突然出现的危险"。

　　译文："报告指出找到人类需求与环境需求之间平衡一事必须立即得到重视。"

　　24.［C］balance

　　balance"平衡"，其他选项不合文意。［A］equation"等式、均衡"；［B］tradeoff"不能同时兼顾的权衡"，如：the trade off between quality and quantity"质与量之间的权衡"；［D］axis"轴线"。

　　译文见23题。

　　25.［A］under

　　under pressure"在压力下"。其他选项不符合搭配。

　　译文："根据《2001年世界人口状况》的报告，水资源和农垦土地承受的压力日益增长，如果对此不加以制止，我们的地球在未来时代将没有能力支撑我们。"

　　26.［D］unchecked

　　如果地球资源受到的压力无人干预、无人制止，地球将没能力供养人类，unchecked"未抑制的"，其他选项不合文意。［A］unnoticed"未被注意到的"；［B］left behind"被留下、忘记带"；［C］left alone"不干扰、不理会"，如：Leave her alone."别烦扰她。"

　　译文见25题。

　　27.［B］with

　　with引导的介词词组独立主格结构，with sb/sth. +形容词/介词/现在分词/过去分词等表示结果或伴随情况，如：The king came in with all his servants following after him. "国王进来了，后边跟着全体仆役。"其他选项不符合语法要求。

　　28.［D］worsen

　　根据文意和语法，该处需要表示"恶化"的不及物动词，所以选worsen。worsen既是及物动词又是不及物动词。［A］aggravate"恶化、使变糟"，只能作及物动词，在文中不符合语法；［B］heighten"提高、增强"和［C］decline"下降、减少"不合文意。

　　译文："由于到2050年世界人口预计增加到80亿，水资源缺乏的问题有可能会恶化。"

　　29.［A］projected

　　project"预计、预报"，如：project an annual increase rate of 3%"预计年增长率为3%"。其他选项不符合用法或文意。［B］speculated"推测、推断"，通常用法为speculate on/about/that；［C］intended"想要、打算"和［D］assessed"评价、评估"不符合文意。

　　译文见28题。

　　30.［D］basic

　　根据文意，满足人们的基本需要，所以选basic"基本的"，其他选项不合文意。［A］luxurious"奢华的"；［B］utmost"极度的、极端的"；［C］intrinsic"内在的、内部的"。

　　31.［A］affected

　　粮食生产受到环境问题的影响，所以选A，affect，意为"影响"，其他选项不合文意。［B］effected"产生、招致"；［C］reflected"反射、反映"；［D］generated"产生、发生"。

　　32.［D］accommodate

　　根据上下文，地球要给人们提供食宿，所以选accommodate"容纳、提供"，其他选项不合文意。［A］contain"包括、包含"；［B］lodge"短期有偿留宿"，用法为lodge sb. in/at；［C］furnish"提供"，用法为furnish sb. with sth.。

　　33.［A］shrinking

　　数量或面积的变小应选A。其他选项不合文意。［B］diminishing"减少或变得不重要"；［C］contracting"变窄、变小"；［D］waning"衰减"。

　　译文："但是，由于可耕地在缩减，所以多数生产必须来自更高的产量，而不是新垦土地。"

　　34.［C］yields

　　yields意为"产量"，如：an investment with high yields"收获丰厚的投资"，其他选项不合文意或搭配。［A］outputs"工厂或人制造的产量"；［B］turnovers"销售量、营业额"；［D］harvests"产量"，常与good或poor搭配，如：a good/bumper harvest"好收成"，或a poor harvest"收成不好"。

　　译文见33题。

　　35.［A］cultivation

　　根据文意，产量不是来自对新土地的开垦，因此选［A］cultivation"耕作、种植"。其他选项不合文意。［B］production"生产"；［C］farming"种田"；［D］plowing"耕地，犁地"。

　　译文见33题。

　　36.［D］alleviated

　　alleviate意为"减轻、缓解"，如：a medicine to alleviate the symptoms"缓解病症的药"；其他选项不合文意。［A］lightened"使轻松"，如：lighten the workload"减轻负担"；［B］released"释放"；［C］elevated"提高、抬升"。

　　译文："根据报道，如果不逆转由于消费和人口水平增长所造成的环境损害，全球贫困问题就得不到缓解。"

　　37.［A］reversing

　　reversing意为"倒转、逆转"，其他选项不合文意。［B］inverting"倒置、颠倒"；［C］upsetting"打翻、推翻"；［D］disregarding"不顾、不管"。

　　译文见36题。

　　38.［D］levels

　　根据文意选levels，意为"水平"，可以随时随地变动，其他选项不合文意。［A］standards"人为制定的统一水准"；［B］indexes"指数"，如：an index of economic growth"经济增长指数"；［C］norms"准则、基准"。

　　译文见36题。

　　39.［D］made

　　与effort搭配通常用make efforts to do"努力做"，其他选项不合搭配。其他同义词组为：do/try one best to do或take pains to do。

　　译文："报道指出，为了减轻地球的负担，必须全力改善教育和保健，因为这将转而降低人口增长。"

　　40.［B］in turn

　　in turn意为"依次、转而、反过来"，如：Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice."理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。"其他选项不合文意。［A］in effect"有效、实际上"；［C］in part"部分地"；［D］by turns"轮流、交替地"。

　　译文见39题。

　　(三)阅读理解

　　A部分

　　41［A］意为："信息产业的氛围"。

　　第一段提到，在过去的三年中，许多人预测公司的计算机系统和全球计算机基础设施很可能受到侵害。可喜的是，这样的预测以及其他一些可怕的预测都没有发生，当然，其中技术起了重大作用，但是起核心作用的(at the core)因素是工作环境和人的因素。本文第二、三段提到了技术因素在维护网络安全方面起到的作用，第四、五、六段提到了work environment和human factor在其中起到的作用。根据第四段，这里所谓"工作环境"，实际上指信息产业行业内一种积极正面的氛围(positive IT culture)。

　　42［C］意为："仍然不能让使用者免受侵害"。

　　第三段提到，就技术而言，应该感谢安全技术供应商和服务商，他们用各种方式保护用户，包括计算机杀毒软件和综合安全工具。同时，有关操作系统在确保安全上起的作用的神话最终破灭了(即：操作系统不能保障安全)，网上安全技术的供应商提供的安装系统已经获得了信赖和认可，这说明，操作系统并不能保障安全。第四段提到了所谓安全缺口(security breaches)。据此，第三段的意思显然是说只安装操作系统本身并不能保障安全。

　　43［B］意为："除技术之外其他因素在安全方面也起了作用"。

　　第四段提到对500多位信息产业的领导和战略研究者的一项调查，调查显示，约49%的被调查者对他们系统的运转情况表示有信心(即：不害怕遭到侵害)，52%的人在过去一年中发现有不到100起针对其网络的侵袭。在作者看来，这说明了公司的政策、实施的措施和积极的氛围在补堵安全的缺口上起到了显著作用。在今天的信息产业氛围下，捣鬼(指散布病毒等)不再受人欢迎，会引起人们的厌恶，甚至会受到严惩，坐几年牢。相反，如果能帮助产业补堵安全缺口，防止恶意的侵害，则会事业兴旺，受人赞誉。这些认识正在迅速受到许多人的肯定。可见，技术不是万能的。

　　44［D］意为："他们最终是网络的使用者"。

　　第五段提到培训的作用，指出：不幸的是，79%的被调查者认为，他们公司的雇员和网络使用者低估了遵守公司安全规定的重要性。在作者看来，可靠的安全操作至关重要，不能被忽视，因为雇员和网络的使用决定着计算机网络的(对公司的)用途。这里的意思是：网上安全最终掌握在使用者--雇员--手中。

　　［C］意为："安全缺口经常是他们的错误造成的"。

　　45［C］意为："强调"。

　　这句话的意思是：这都强调了培训和教育负责安全的雇员的必要性。

　　46［C］意为："英国媒体的好斗本性"。

　　文章第一段就提到英国媒体如何折磨其首相(take it on the chin意为：忍受痛苦或惩罚)，媒体通常对政治家严加盘问(grill)，在这种情况下(指第一句提到的对伊战争升级以后)，媒体特别不客气(feisty原意为"爱争吵的")，民意测验也给他们壮了胆，民意测验显示，多数英国人反对对伊战争。本文虽然多处将英美记者做了比较，但从全文的结构来看，重点是叙述英国记者如何好斗，例如，即使提到美国记者，也多谈论的是他们对英国同行的评价。

　　47［A］意为："被英国媒体搞得很难受"。

　　参阅上一题题解。

　　48［D］意为："他不能提供证据，支持他对伊开战的理由"。

　　第二段提到，媒体本周对布什政府特别不客气，质问布什政府的国情文中所提到的伊拉克正在企图从尼日尔获得铀的说法，这是布什政府对伊开战的理由之一。随着2004年竞选的白热化和布什本人的支持率突然下降，布什政府遭受的盘问比以往几个月更严厉。专家说，随着夏日越来越热，问题也变得更加激烈。在质问开战理由的过程中，民主党也"开始吸引人的注意力"，Turner说，这个例子也说明英美两国政治游戏上的差别，在英国(注意：where引导的从句作Britain的定语)，记者对战争持强烈的批评态度，对政府所说的伊拉克拥有大规模杀伤性武器的说法持怀疑态度。

　　［B］意为："媒体继续站在民主党一边反对对伊开战"。

　　49［B］意为："吃惊"。

　　Turner是BBC驻华盛顿办事处的负责人，他说，在英国，首相必须每周接受议会的质问，媒体(比美国同行们)"对政治家的盘问也激烈得多"；在华盛顿，BBC记者经常被看做是媒体中相当缺乏礼貌的人，我们问问题的方式跟(美国)星期天(电视)政治节目中问的不一样。Goldfarb是波士顿一家报纸驻伦敦的记者，他说，英国同行们(在报道中)提到"布什的欺骗(ride)是多么令人震惊"，布什政府如何"耍弄媒体，在伦敦，记者们把布莱尔称做'布什的卷毛狗'"。他说，英国媒体"根本不顾美国媒体所谓的客观性，更不管什么公平不公平"。Jennings曾是ABC(美国广播公司)驻英国记者，他说他"总是对英国新闻界的好斗性感到震惊(struck)"。三者谈的一个共同点是英国媒体如何令其他国家的同行们感到吃惊。

　　50［B］意为："更关注公众对报道的反应"。

　　在最后一段Jennings接着说，在美国，"新闻界无疑意识到了一位强有力的总统的影响力，在某种程度上也意识到他们要通过竞争赢得公众的赞许(public opinion)，所以在强有力的总统和新闻界之间总是存在一种紧张关系。"

　　［C］意为："确保其报道与政府政策保持一致"。

　　51［A］意为："光的缺乏使之逐渐失去了视觉"。

　　第一段提到，在黑暗的世界里，像其他穴居动物一样，水生动物很可能是看不见的。的确，它们许多是这样，为了补偿视觉的缺乏，它们奇迹般地生长出触角、细长的鳍以及其他东西，以帮助自己摸索前进，就像盲人使用拐杖。它们通过触觉来判断哪些是朋友，哪些是敌人，哪些是可吃的食物。可见，海底的黑暗是造成它们看不见的原因，而触觉发达则是变盲以后的结果，所以选项［D］是不对的。

　　52［C］意为："监视过往于水面的船只"。

　　第三段第三句提到，水听器(一种水下探测声音的仪器)可以用于探测潜艇，能听到鱼虾等发出的声音，第四段也提到水听器探测到石首鱼(croaker)发出的声音。因此，选择项［A］、［B］、［D］表达的内容都与文章内容相符。

　　53［C］意为："海生物自己不能制造食物，因此互相蚕食"。

　　第二段提到，海中的植物只生存于海水的表层，在600英尺的海下，即使水色清清，植物也不能生存。几乎没有植物能生存于200英尺以下，因为那里不再有光合作用使它们获得养分。既然水下动物不能自行制造食物，深水中的鱼类完全靠上层生存，过着奇怪--甚至可以说是寄生--的生活。这些饥饿的食肉动物凶猛而残忍地蚕食同类，但是，整个生活于深水中的鱼类却最终靠的是从上层缓缓落下的食物求得生存。

　　54［C］意为："对靠近海岸的水下做的研究多于远离海岸的水下"。

　　第三段第三句提到，用于探测潜艇的水听器和其他声音探测器的广泛使用证明：在世界各地的沿海水域，可以听到鱼、虾、海豚和其他尚未辨出的鱼类发出的丰富多样的声音。对于远离海岸的深水海域的声音的研究却还很少，可是，当"亚特兰第斯"号的船员将水听器放入百慕大深水海域时，他们记录下奇怪的喵喵叫声、尖叫声和鬼魂似的呻吟声，这些声音来自何处尚不清楚。可见，作者认为对深水鱼类的研究还很不够。

　　［D］意为："军事研究者对深海生物有一些重大发现。文章并没有提到那些探测潜艇的人对鱼类有何研究，只是提到他们在工作过程中听到了鱼类发出的声音。"

　　55［B］意为："解释深海生物某些复杂特征"。

　　文章第一、二段描述了深海生物的生存方式，第三、四段指出，虽然深海生物很值得研究，但是目前却研究得不够多。文章并没有谈深海研究遇到何种问题，因此选项［C］表达的内容不对。

　　56［D］意为："治疗癌症方面取得的进步"。

　　第一段提到，癌症研究者正在像(占卜者)观看水晶球一样阅读基因，从而预测癌症病人对治疗有何反应，预测哪些人身上副作用最明显，哪些治疗方式对哪些病人最合适。预见治疗结果，确切地了解什么药物适合什么病人，这长久以来一直是癌症研究者的目标。第二段谈到了基因研究如何使研究者开始具备了预测能力，文章第三、四、五段举例说明了这方面的新成就。

　　57［C］意为："以更少的副作用治疗癌症"。

　　第二段提到，最近，研究者从基因谱的研究获得大量知识，使他们能够研究出更具体的方式，绘制出肿瘤的基因图式，根据这些图式正确下药。这些治疗方式也帮助研究者确定哪些病人使用哪种化学疗法可能产生最大副作用，从而指导病人使用其他治疗方法。

　　［A］意为："更准确地诊断出染色体异常情况"。

　　［D］意为："提出化学疗法作为治疗癌症的有效方法"。

　　58［B］意为："说明治疗癌症取得的成就"。

　　参阅以上两题题解。

　　59［A］意为："对基因的研究给他们更大的预测能力"。

　　第四段提到，Sarada和她的研究小组研究这些基因(对DNA有修复作用的基因)的变异，研究的对象是103名被诊断为晚期非小细胞肺癌病人。她们发现，不同数量基因变异的病人存活期各异。她说，这些变异情况能被(清晰地)辨认出，然后把最糟糕的预测结果考虑进化学治疗的实施中，提高其存活的机会(odds)--这里实际上说的是延长其存活期。

　　60［A］意为："图式"。

　　第二段和最后一段都使用了这个词，两处的意思都是指将肿瘤的基因图式描绘出来。

　　B部分

　　短文大意：男性和女性在估算时间、判断速度、想像三维的事物以及解答数学题等能力方面有很大的差别，造成这种差异的原因在于男性和女性的一个大脑部位-下顶叶的不同。就总体来说，男性的比女性的要大得多。而男性的左下顶叶大于右下顶叶，可是女性的右下顶叶略大一些。研究报告表明，右下顶叶与对空间关系的实用记忆力、感知人体各部位相互关系的能力和对自我的自觉感情或感觉的意识有关。下顶叶使大脑能够处理从诸如视觉和触觉等感官传来的信息，并使涉及有选择性集中注意和知觉之类的思维活动得以进行。

　　61这是一个简单句，句架是主谓宾结构，即：Scientists…have discovered…differences between…。句中Johns Hopkins是美国的著名高校约翰·霍普金斯大学，striking是"惊人的、显著的"意思，visualize是指"想像、形象化"，threedimensionally是指"三维地"。本句应译成：约翰·霍普金斯大学的科学家已发现在大脑中与估算时间、判断速度、想像三维的事物以及解答数学题等能力有关的部位，男女之间存在着"惊人的"差别。

　　62这是一个简单复合句，句架是The differences,…, may underlie…trends…。句中宾语trends后面的that引导了一个定语从句，而在定语从句中又包含一个由that引导的同位语从句，解释the fact。句中underlie的本义是"在……之下，成为……的基础"，在这里可以灵活处理译成"形成、发展成"。trend是"倾向、趋势"的意思。可以译为"现象"。本句应译成：研究人员指出，这种差异可能会形成众所周知的男女有别的现象，例如，事实上建筑师、数学家和赛车手中男性就多于女性。

　　63这是一个含有强调句式的主从复合句。句架是its the right IPL thats somewhat larger,…。句中though引导了一个状语从句，而says psychiatrist Godfrey Pearlson, M.D.是插入语部分，其后的who引导了一个非限定性定语从句修饰Godfrey Pearlson。此句应译成：领导这项研究的精神病学家、医学博士戈弗雷·皮尔逊说，研究表明，女性的右下顶叶略大一些，尽管女性大脑两边的这种差异没有男性的那么明显。

　　64这是一个并列句，句架是It allows…to process…, and enables…。在第二个分句中involved是过去分词作后置定语，修饰其前面的动名词thinking。It指代上文中提到的下顶叶，在我们翻译时应该译出来。本句应译成：下顶叶使大脑能够处理从诸如视觉和触觉等感官传来的信息，并使涉及有选择性集中注意和知觉之类的思维活动得以进行。

　　65这是一个并列的there be句型，句架是There are…, but theres also…。在这个句型中又包含了被插入成分revealed through the brain structure分割开了的一个由that引导的定语从句，用以修饰前面的truth。本句应译成：当然有很多例外，但也不乏从大脑结构中显露出的事实，我们认为这事实构成了人们在性别方面的某些特征。

　　(四)短文写作

　　66Sample for reference:

　　Ensure the Rights of Disabled People

　　Like everyone else, disabled people also have the right and willingness to work. It is imperative that government officials and employers respect their rights, particularly when the country is confronted with serious unemployment problems.

　　Despite the central governments efforts to try not to eliminate the number of employed disabled workers, 319 000 have been laid off throughout the country. The countrys economic slowdown has aided the reduction of job opportunities. That is to say, the disabled areshavingsan even tougher time finding jobs.

　　However, what adds most to the difficulties in finding jobs is the discrimination the handicapped people face when searching for a job. Such discrimination exists everywhere. So the disabled have become victims. Most of them, with the help of society, are willing and able to do what is offered to them.

　　The progress of a modern society is reflected by how its members are judged. That is to say,they should be judged by their abilities and not by their physical conditions. Not long ago, the central government unveiled its recent efforts to promote the employment of disabled people. That is definitely a good piece of news to all disabled people.

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