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中考英语阅读理解的另类解法--反其道而行

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/06/09 20:39  现代教育报-中考导刊

  阅读理解反其道而行在做阅读理解题的时候,大部分的学生喜欢用“顺读法”,就是先读短文后读题目,然后再读短文寻找正确答案。今天向大家推荐一种反其道而行的方法——“倒读法”,就是先读题目(四个选项不读)后读短文,最后寻找答案。这种阅读方法是带着问题阅读,目的明确、集中,能及时抓住文中与解题关系密切的信息,从而节省了阅读时间。“倒读法”对表层理解的题目(提问时间、地点、原因等)效果最好,但是对深层理解的题目,就要从短文的整体内容出发,进行概括和总结,分析所提供选项,才能作出准确的判断

  试用“倒读法”解下面各题:

  (1)The great ship -Titanic -set off from England to_____

  A.Australia B.the USA

  C.Arabia D.Europe

  (2)People then thought it was safe to be on the ship because__________.

  A.it had 16 compartments

  B.it had more lifeboats than other ships

  C.it could not sink even if 4 compartments wore broken

  D.both A and C

  (3)The ship was hit_______.

  A.when it started to cross the sea

  B.when a very large iceberg was suddenly seen ahead

  C.soon after it turned quickly on time

  D.soon after it had crossed the sea

  (4)About 1500 people were dead because________.

  A.the ship was the largest and finest

  B.4 of those compartments were broken

  C.hundreds of people jumped out into the water

  D.there were not enough lifeboats

  (5)Which is the best title(标题)for the passage(短文)?

  A.How Does the -Titanic-Go Down﹖

  B.How Was the Great Ship Sinking﹖

  C.The Sinking of the -Titanic-

  D.The Sinking of a Ship

  分析与答案:利用倒读的方法,我们可以从(1)到(4)中迅速了解到the ship -Titanic-从英国航行到某地去,为什么那么多人丧生等。在阅读短文时,很快就能抓住有关信息,轻而易举地找出正确答案(分别是 B、D、C、D)。短文如下:

  The great ship -Titanic- (泰坦尼克号) set off forAmerica in April 1912 on its first Trip.It was carrying morethan 2000 people.

  The -Titanic-was the largest and finest ship at that time.People thought it was safe to be on the ship because it had16 compartments(密封舱)with it. Even if(即使是)4 of thosewere broken it would still be able to stay on the sea.

  Four days laterwhen the -Titanic- was crossing the seathe man on watch suddenly saw a very large iceberg ahead. The great ship turned quickly on timebut before long there was a sound from below.The captain went down to see what was the matter. To his surprise he found the ship was sinking fast because 5 compartments had been broken Hundreds of people jumped out into the water.As there were not enough lifeboatsabout 1500 lives were lost.

  (5)是问短文的最好标题的,属于深层理解,当你读了短文就会明白最好的标题不是A(Titanic是如何下去的),也不是B (这艘大船是如何正在下沉的),也不是D(一只船的下沉),而是C(“Titanic”号沉船事件)。

  山东省邹平县实验中学 刘祖军点击中考考点考点解析 宾语从句。宾语从句有三种情况:

  1表示陈述意义的宾语从句,由从属连词that作关联词,that本身没有意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。注意如果主句是一般过去的时态,宾语从句则也要用表示过去的时态。

  2表示是否、有否、能否等一般疑问意义的宾语从句,由从属连词if或whether作关联词。

  3表示谁、谁的、什么、哪个、什么时候、什么地方、怎样、为什么等特殊疑问意义的宾语从句,所用的关联词相当于特殊疑问句中的疑问代词who whom whose what which和疑问副词when where how why。但这时它们称作连接代词和连接副词。这类宾语从句有时还用whoever whatever whichever等合成词引导。

  宾语从句应注意的问题:由一般疑问句改为宾语从句时要注意加关联词if或whether,由特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时不要丢下连接代词和连接副词,表示一般疑问意义和特殊疑问意义的宾语从句,其语序与陈述句的语序相同,即主语在前,谓语动词在后。

  真题再现 Do you know __________ during the coming summer holiday ﹖(北京海淀2003)

  A. what will Tom do

  B. what did Tom do

  C. what Tom will do

  D. what Tom did

  —Could you let me know ___________ yesterday ﹖

  —Because the traffic was heavy . (北京西城2003)

  A. why did you come late

  B. why you came late

  C. why do you come late

  D. why you come late

  “Do you know I'm going to see him.” “Sorry I don't know. ”(北京海淀2002)

  A. where does Mr Li live

  B. where did Mr Li live

  C. where Mr Li lives

  D. where Mr Li lived

  In the bookshop a reader asked the shopkeeper________ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京东城2002)

  A. that  B. how    

  C. what    D. if

  Could you tell me (北京崇文2002)

  A. when does the train arrive

  B. when the train arrives

  C. where arrives the train

  D. the train when arrives

  Could you tell me________.(北京朝阳2002)

  A. where does he live    

  B. where lives he

  C. he lives where      

  D. where he lives

  2. 考点解析 定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之前。引导定语从句的词有连词that、关系代词who whom whose which、关系副词when where why。

  当先行词为 all much little few nothing 等不定代词时,当先行词由no any all much little the only the very the same the last等修饰时,当先行词由序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,当先行词既有人又有物时,通常只用 that。

  若先行词在从句中作表语或主句是以who引起的特殊疑问句时,关系代词用that,若先行词为he those anyone等表示一类人或在分隔式定语从句中,关系词一般用who。

  试题专练 Can you lend me the book ______ the other day﹖

  A. that you talked

  B. you talked about it

  C. which you talked

  D. you talked about

  The coat ________ he bought yesterday kept me warm in winter.

  A. that B. what

  C. when D. to whom

  That's the boy ______ I lent my English book.

  A. whom B. to whom

  C. who D. to who

  He is one of the students who __________ finished their homework.

  A. were B. was

  C. have D. has

  (顺义北小营中学 雒淑芸)

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