六、转折/对比原则

　　议论文和说明文都强调逻辑的严谨性，而转折和对比常常可以用来测试考生在这一方面的阅读理解能力，所以考生对文中的转折和对比关系应高度重视，只要看到标明转折或对比的关系词如but, however等，就应当立即在原文上进行圈点。一般说来转折后的内容多与上文所表达的意思相反，而对比往往是强调其中的一方。

　　1.首段的转折/对比

　　只要首段中出现一对处于对比状况的概念，命题专家通常都会就此设置考题，考生应掌握这一规律，在看到文章首段出现转折对比的内容时，应当立即集中注意力，同时还要明白，第一段出现转折关系时，转折后所表述的一定是文章的中心议题，而在首段出现的对照或对比的内容将在下文中进行具体的议论，并在文章最后得出结论。

　　例

　　Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is human kind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.

　　The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that .（转折）

　　［A］ people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality

　　［B］ the blind could be happier than the sighted

　　［C］ over_excited people tend to neglect vital things

　　［D］ fascination makes people lose their eyesight［1998年51题］

　　C［正确答案］

　　2. 文中的转折

　　例

　　It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC's future is now in doubt.

　　The world famous BBC now faces .

　　［A］ the problem of new coverage［B］ an uncertain prospect

　　［C］ inquiries by the general public［D］ shrinkage of audience［1996年55题］

　　B［正确答案］