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2009年12月大学英语四级考试预测试题(三)(4)

http://www.sina.com.cn   2009年12月14日 11:43   文都教育

  Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)

  Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。

  Modern people wear many masks that keep their reality confined and  67 , even to themselves. The possibility of encountering one’s  68 , learning about one’s self, is frightening and  69 . Many people expect  70  the worst. A hidden fear  71  the fact that they may also discover the best. To discover the worst is to face the decision of  72  or not to continue in the same pattern. To learn the best is to face the decision of whether or not to live up  73  it.  74  discovery may involve change and  75  causes anxiety.  76 , this can be a creative anxiety which may be thought of as excitement—the excitement of enhancing one’s  77  for being a winner. Transactional analysis is a(n)  78  you can use to know yourself, to know how you relate to others, and to discover the dramatic  79  your life is taking.  The unit of personality structure is the ego state. By becoming  80  of your ego state, you can  81  between your various sources of thoughts, feelings, and behavior pattern. You can be more aware of the choices available to you.The unit of measure in interpersonal relationships is the  82 . By analyzing your transactions, you can gain a  83  conscious control of how you operate with other people and how they operate with you. Transactional analysis is a practical  84  from which you can  85  old decisions and behavior and change 86 you decide is desirable for you to change.     

  67.[A]known[B]unknown[C]surrounded[D]unlimited

  68. [A]mask [B]armor[C]reality[D]fact

  69. [A]frustrating [B]exciting[C]interesting[D]encouraging

  70. [A]discovering [B]to discover[C]be discovered[D]to be discovered

  71. [A]relies on [B]lies in[C]based on[D]according to

  72. [A]how [B]why[C]what[D]whether

  73. [A]to [B]on[C]with[D]in

  74. [A]Both[B]Either[C]One[D]Neither

  75. [A]therefore [B]however[C]even[D]but

  76. [A]Therefore [B]Moreover[C]Then[D]However

  77. [A]possibility [B]pattern[C]anxiety[D]decision

  78. [A]instrument [B]appliance[C]equipment[D]tool

  79. [A]course [B]process[C]track[D]direction

  80. [A]beware [B]aware[C]awake[D]unconscious

  81. [A]choose [B]change [C]distinguish[D]compare

  82. [A]transaction [B]transition[C]transmission[D]transformation

  83. [A]much [B]more[C]few[D]little

  84. [A]desire [B]frame [C]stage[D]step

  85. [A]evaluate [B]change[C]make[D]decide

  86. [A]which [B]that[C]whether  [D]what

  Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

  Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets。

  87. The price of beer_________________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season。

  88.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,__________________(正在研制) and perfected now。

  89. He wears a pair of sunglasses____________________(唯恐被别人认出来)。

  91.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you_________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being。

  92.The substance does not dissolve in water______________ (不管是否加热)。

  Key to Model Test Four

  Part I Writing

  【写作思路】

  要求写一篇关于宿舍生活的议论文。主要写宿舍生活与家庭生活的区别,以及宿舍生活的利与弊。

  【参考范文】

  Dormitory Life

  For most university students, dormitory life is a new experience. Most students have never lived far away from their parents before coming to university. They have always had their parents to depend on for advice and guidance, and when they become university students, their lives begin to change。

  There are striking difference between home life and dormitory life. Students must begin to be responsible for their own action. They must depend on themselves to get up in the morning on time for class, to eat properly, to keep their clothes and themselves clean, and to set aside an appropriate amount of time for study and relaxation. They must also learn to take care of their money, making sure to preserve enough for both necessities and for fun。

  In general, there are both good and bad points about life in student-dormitory. Often, dormitory rooms are small and crowded. This lack of space can limit one’s privacy and make it difficult for students to concentrate on their studies. On the other hand, in a dormitory, students have a great deal more freedom than they might have at home. They can act according to their own will and desire than to that of parents。

  Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

  【全文翻译】

  动物的运动

  除了缺少剧情音乐之外,这看上去就像《大白鲨》影片中的一个场景:一条巨大的鲨鱼在水中慢慢地游着,尾巴就像时钟的钟摆一样来回地摆动。

  突然,它敏感的皮肤神经末梢感受到了猎物游动时发出的震动。瞬间,它就变成一台高效致命的死亡机器。它绷紧肌肉,快速地在水中砍出一条通道。眨眼之间,它便用强有力的嘴巴咬住了它的猎物,一条大鱼。随后,它来回扭动着头,从猎物的身上撕下大块大块的肉,把它们吞了下去。很快地,猎食活动就结束了。

  为了生存而移动

  鲨鱼追逐猎物的过程以一种夸张的方式证明了移动(或者运动)对于动物的重要作用。

  像鲨鱼一样,大部分的动物通过移动来发现食物。他们还利用移动来逃避敌人、寻找配偶、开拓新的 地盘。移动的方法包括:爬行、跳跃、滑行、飞行、飘浮或者漫步。

  借助各种有助移动的发明,人类加强了其移动优势,可以再任何环境下移动。汽车、火箭、潜艇能把人类从深海运输到遥远的月亮。然而,对于其他的动物而言,移动来源于数百万年的进化。鲨鱼是其中最成功的例子。它能够以接近零的时间快速地捕获猎物,这给科学家们留下了深刻的印象。但是,经过仔细的研究,美国杜克大学的海洋生物学家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才发现了鲨鱼是如何做到这一点的。在研究中,科学家们对位于佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁海上乐园泳池中游泳的鲨鱼进行了观察。他们拍摄了鲨鱼的运动情况,对它们进行了分析,同时也对鲨鱼的皮肤和肌肉进行了研究。

  皮肤是关键

  生物学家们发现,鲨鱼的皮肤是使它们在水中高效游泳的关键。鲨鱼的皮肤中含有许多纤维,像子午线轮胎的内部一样交错在一起。这些纤维被称为胶原纤维。随着它们的放松或拉紧,这些纤维可以储存或释放大量的能量。当拉伸纤维时,纤维中蓄满了能量,就像绷紧的弓弦一样。能量被释放后,纤维就松弛了。

  杜克大学的生物学家发现,最大拉伸发生在鲨鱼弯曲身体游泳的时候。当身体前后移动时,弯曲处外侧的纤维受到强烈的拉伸,大量的潜能被储存在纤维中。当鲨鱼朝另一个方向迅速掉头时,这种能量就被释放出来了。

  随着能量在鲨鱼身体两侧交替地储存和释放,它的尾巴就像鞭子一样强烈地来回摆动。这种像皮鞭一样的动作促使鲨鱼像发射的子弹一样在水中穿来穿去。

  能量的来源

  是什么让纤维能存储如此多的能量呢?在追寻答案的过程中,杜克大学的科学家们发现,鲨鱼与子午线轮胎的相似性并不仅仅存在于皮肤上。正如子午线轮胎是由压力膨胀的一样,在鲨鱼胶原辐射处的下方也有一个膨胀区。但是,鲨鱼体内的压力可能来自于血液压缩胶原纤维而产生的压力,而不是来自于空气的压力。

  当鲨鱼缓慢游动时,纤维内的压力相对较低。纤维比较松弛时,鲨鱼就能以锐角的角度弯身。在寻找食物或只是游动时,鲨鱼以这种方式进行移动。但是,当它发现重要的食物来源时,一些奇妙的变化就自动发生了。

  鲨鱼内部的压力可能会增加10倍,胶原纤维在这种压力下剧烈拉伸,蓄积了大量的能量。

  接着,这种能量被转移到尾巴上,鲨鱼快速运动起来,剩下的事情就可想而知了。

  海豚是速度最快的纪录保持者

  海豚是另一种快速的海洋动物,这种海洋哺乳动物的速度为每小时20英里。研究海豚的生物学家们发现,就像鲨鱼一样,海豚的快速游动可以追溯到其皮肤。海豚的皮肤是这样构成的:它对流过其身体的水流产生的阻力很小。通常情况下,当鱼或其他动物在水中缓慢游动时,水流会平稳地流过它们的身体。这种平稳的水流被称为层流。然而,当鱼快速移动时,其周围的水流就变得湍急起来。这种乱流使摩擦加大,降低了鱼的速度。

  海豚的皮肤弹性很大,可以随着水波的波形而弯曲。实际上,水波是被卷进了海豚皮肤的皱褶处。这样,其余的水就以层流的方式从其身边平稳地流过。其他动物快速游动时,由于受到乱流的阻碍,其速度就降低了;但是,海豚却能够以破纪录的速度在水中快速穿行。

  其他的低速动物

  并不是所有的动物都能像鲨鱼和海豚一样快速地游动。在运动效率方面最大的输家可能是蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)。它看起来就像没有壳的蜗牛,其爬行过的地方会留下一条细细的踪迹。它要使用大量的能量制造粘滑的粘液,以便在其上爬行。移动同样的的距离,老鼠只需要其所耗费能量的十二分之一。

  科学家们认为,由于蛞蝓(鼻涕虫)利用能量的效率很低,所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。换句话说,它们都被迫把自己束缚在很小的区域之中来搜寻食物和寻找合适的生活条件。人类曾经面临过这样的问题吗?

  【答案解析】

  1.【解析】[D]属同义转换题,本题是一种排除选择题。根据题干中的中心词“movement to do something”,可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话,“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。该句与题干是一种同义转换,选项A、B和C在原文中均有提及,所以不是正确选项;答案D在原文没有提及,所以是正确答案。

  2.【解析】[B]属细节推断题。题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明什么,其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词,可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to Survive”下第三段的前两句话,“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”,第二句话所举例子正是为了说明第一句话的内容,这与B项意思一致,而其它选项在文中均未提及。

  3.【解析】[A]属细节推断题。分析题干,本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是在什么。其中的“key”是关键词,可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句话,“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”,这与选项A完全一致,所以直接选择A即可。其它选项在文中均有提及,但是都不符合题干的要求。

  4.【解析】[D]属细节推断题。题干中的“the Duke University scientists”是关键词,可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话,“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。这与选项D的内容完全一致,所以答案选D项,而其它选项原文均为提及,为干扰项。

  5.【解析】[C]属细节推断题。题干中“a belted radial tire”是关键词,可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话,“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by pressure”,所以答案应该是C。选项A和B是两者的不同之处,选项D在文中没有提及。

  6.【解析】[A]属细节推断题。题干中的关键词是“a laminar flow”,所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下,根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话,“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow。”。题干是对这两句话的改写,所以正确答案是A选项。其它三个选项的意思均不符合“a laminar flow”的定义,与题干要求不符。

  7.【解析】[C]属同义转换题。题干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均为关键词,可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话,“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写,所以正确答案是C 12 times,其它选项均与原文内容不符。

  8. 【解析】feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey鲨鱼靠感受猎物游动的震动来发现猎物。

  9. 【解析】collagen fibers 在Skin Is the Key中,第二、三句话,The fibers are called collagen fibers。

  10. 【解析】some fantastic involuntary changes 在Source of Energy中,第二段倒数第一句话就是本题答案。

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