阅读第二十四篇：遏制虐待儿童现象

       Preventing Child Maltreatment

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment。  Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking。

Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5'10% of men report being Sexually abused as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse)。

Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning。

Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences。  Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4

Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs。

A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment。

It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6

练习：

1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT ______________________ according to the passage。

A child maltreatment is a global problem

B there is no exact data about low- and mid-income countries

C there is a shortage of the professional data collectors

D different scientists use different research methods

2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood。

B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused。

C 25-50% of children were psychologically abused。

D 60-75% of children were neglected by their parents。

3. Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT __________________ according to the passage。

A drowning in swimming                             B diarrhea

C bums                                                      D falls

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?

A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up。

B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems。

C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development。

D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood。

5. The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT _________________ according to the passage。

A they frequently and easily cry

B they are in infant's or in adolescent period

C they are often neglected by their parents or friends

D they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents

译文：Preventing Child Maltreatment 

　　Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.  Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking。

　　Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5'10% of men report being Sexually abused as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse)。

　　Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning。

　　Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.  Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4

　　Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs。

　　A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment。

　　It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6

　　练习：

　　1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT ______________________ according to the passage。

　　A child maltreatment is a global problem

　　B there is no exact data about low- and mid-income countries

　　C there is a shortage of the professional data collectors

　　D different scientists use different research methods

　　2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood。

　　B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused。

　　C 25-50% of children were psychologically abused。

　　D 60-75% of children were neglected by their parents。

　　3. Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT __________________ according to the passage。

　　A drowning in swimming                             B diarrhea

　　C bums                                                      D falls

　　4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?

　　A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up。

　　B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems。

　　C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development。

　　D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood。

　　5. The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT _________________ according to the passage。

　　A they frequently and easily cry

　　B they are in infant's or in adolescent period

　　C they are often neglected by their parents or friends

　　D they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents

　　译文：遏制虐待儿童现象

　　虐待儿童是一个全球问题，它会严重影响儿童的一生。由于缺乏很多国家虐待儿童的数据，尤其是中低收入国家的数据，目前对于儿童虐待在全球蔓延的成都， 我们还未能获得可靠的数据。

　　虐待儿童的研究很复杂，很困难。当前，各个国家大概的相关数据差别很大，而且使用的研究方法不同也会得出不同的估值。但是，国际研究显示，大约有20%的女性和5%-10%的男性称自己在童年遭到性虐待，而所有儿童的25%-50%都称自己曾受肉体上的虐待。除此之外，很多儿童受到情感虐待(有时又成为心理虐待)。

　　每年，有大约31,000名15岁以下儿童遭到谋杀，但是由于很大一部分由儿童虐待造成的死亡被错误地归因于坠楼、烧死或溺死，所以这一数据不能反映出这一问题真正的严重程度。

　　虐待儿童会给儿童和其家人带来持久的伤痛。虐待会造成压力，而压力会干扰儿童早期的大脑发育。高度压力会损伤神经和免疫系统的发育。之后，儿童长大成人，但是他们在行为、生理以及心理方面出现疾病的危险性大大增加。通过行为和心理上对健康的影响，虐待又会导致心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病。

　　儿童虐待除了会造成健康问题，还会造成经济损失，包括住院费用、心理治疗费用、儿童福利和长期的医疗费用。

　　人们已经明确了造成儿童被虐待的大量风险因素。并不是所有的社会文化背景都包含这些风险因素，但是至少停工了一个风险因素概况，可以帮助理解儿童被虐待的成因。

　　有一点很重要，需要强调：儿童是受害者，而且绝不应该怪他们。不过，有几大特征会增加儿童受虐待的可能性，这些特点包括：4岁以下或者处于青春期、不受欢迎、不能满足父母的期望、有特殊需求、不停哭闹或是身体有异常。

上一页 1 2 3 4 下一页

    更多信息请访问：新浪英语考试频道 英语考试论坛

　　特别说明：由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化，新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考，敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。