1)比较法——通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。

　　[1] For years, ...had been viewed as .... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people ....

　　[2] People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new idea.

　　2)对立法——先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。

　　[1] When asked about..., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that …. But I think/view a bit differently.

　　[2] When it comes to ...., some people believe that…. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the former/latter.

　　[3] Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that..... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

　　3)观点法——开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。

　　[1] Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

　　[2] Now there is a(n) growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to....

　　[3] Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ....

　　[4] Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....

　　4)引用法——先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点!

　　[1] "Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.

　　[2] "Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.

　　[3] "...." We often hear statements/words like those/this.

　　[4] We often hear such traditional complains as this "....".

　　5)故事法——先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。少用!

　　[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of/learnt..... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. [2] I have a friend who ... Should he ....? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.

　　[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who .... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.

　　6)现象法——引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论。

　　[1] Recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.

　　[2] Recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus/into public attention.

　　[3] Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.