在审视一篇文章的修辞手法之前，我们首先重申一下一篇文章的基础框架:
Framework
Introduction: An effective argument
Introductory paragraph(s) which sets the stage for both the topic and the author’s opinion
Body paragraphs: Claims supported with evidence Each of the body paragraphs should contain a claim that is supported with evidence.
Conclusion: restate and summarize A sound and logical conclusion is needed to summarize the information contained in the body paragraphs and restate, at least to some extent, the author’s argument.
在introductory paragraph(s) 之后应跟着至少三个支撑性的body paragraphs. 每个body paragraph段由claim和evidence构成。Claim是指的每个段落的中心论点，即作者的观点，evidence支撑claims。Evidence的类型一般是facts, credible sources 或examples.
在理清楚文章的框架和脉络之后，要做的事情就是分析文章的修辞手法(literary techniques)，即分析作者如何运用修辞手法更好的向读者传达他的思想。很多时候，作者简单粗暴的把事实和观点呈现出来可能不是打动读者的最佳方法，为了让读者更大程度的产生共鸣，作者需要用一些修辞手法如比喻，拟人，对比，夸张等来增强文章的感染力。这些手法和我们语文课上所学的修辞手法是一致的，具体来讲，最常用的修辞手法包括metaphor, simile, appeal to emotion, comparison/contrast, word choice, repetition, or propaganda. 这些修辞手法让文章更加生动，更容易让读者产生兴趣，更容易感染和煽动读者。每种修辞手法的目的性和指向性是相对明确的，因此，我们在这里给大家放送超干货的福利，我们一起来用几个最常用的修辞手法给大家附上几个例句，以便大家参考一下这些手法的目的应该如何写：
l The author uses simile and metaphor to allow readers understand a topic more effectively
l By utilizing effective word choice, the author can sharpen the point of his argument and adds to emotion.
l Embedded within the evidence is careful word choice, an appeal to emotion, and a cause/effect example.
l The utilization of an appeal to emotion helps the author to sympathize with his perspective.
l The author frames his argument by quoting authority, which adds credibility to his opinion.
