since, 表显然的或已知的理由Since it’s already late, I must go now。

　　for, 位置：…，for…。语气最弱。 I drove carefully, for it’s snowing。

　　as有时也指“因为”，用法基本无限制。As I am ill, I won’t go。

　　10.表推测：must, may, might, could, can, can’t

　　must“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。

　　There is the door bell, it must be Tom. 门铃响了，一定是汤姆(来了)。

　　may / might“也许”一般用于肯定句， may比might可能性大。

　　She is coming to us. She might be our new teacher。

　　can / could“可能”could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。

　　You could be right, but I don’t think you are。

　　The light in the office is off. The teacher can’t be there now。

　　11.so与such区别：so是副词，后跟形容词/副词，so tall / slowly / carefully / young…

　　such是形容词，后跟名词短语。such bad weather / good news /beautiful music…;

　　such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a heavy stone / an interesting lesson…;

　　such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies / clever children…;

　　若名词前形容词是many, much, few, little时，不用such, 而用so。

　　so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water…

　　也常有“so / such …that…”句型，译为“如此…以致于…”。

　　12.so的另两个用法：1so + be / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语，“…也”

　　上下文所指不是同一个人或物。 The twins are working, so am I。

　　I will leave tonight, and so will Peter. If you go there, so will I . (最后一句参见语法2)

　　又如：A: I woke up late this morning. B: So did I。

　　2so + 主语 + be/情态动词 / 助动词，“的确…是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。

　　A: We have lunch at school. B: So you do。

　　又如：A: Bruce can work out the problem. B: So he can. (注意以上黑体字的照应)

　　13.neither / nor用法之一：neither / nor + be / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语

　　“…也不”上文是否定句。She didn’t get well, nor did her brother。

　　—9—

　　Tim isn’t going to do his work, neither is John。

　　又如：A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast. B: Neither have I. (注意以上黑体字的照应)

　　14.keep, make, get, have用法：

　　1keep + sb / sth doing sth “让…一直做…” I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long. (区别：keep + doing sth “坚持做某事，一直做某事”)

　　2make + sb / sth do sth让…做某事(接动原) I’ll try to make you understand what I mean。

　　I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long。

　　make若用于被动语态，原有后接动词原形要改为带to不定式(另见语法6的类似说法)：

　　I made him wait for long. →He was made to wait for long。

　　3get + sb / sth to do sth。让…做某事。He got Peter to buy him a pen。

　　4have + 宾语+ 动词原形 / ing / 过去分词

　　Have him do it, please。让他做它吧。(him 和 do 逻辑上形成主谓关系，do用原形。)

　　We had the machine working。我们让机器一直工作着。(让某物一直在进行着某事。)

　　We had the machine repaired。我们让人修理了那台机器(让机器被修理了，表被动。)

　　5也都可接形容词：keep safe / busy, keep the door closed / open,

　　make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready. get her ears pierced。

　　15.used短语：used to + 动原，“过去常常” He used to smoke。

　　be used to 译为“被用于…”，后接动原。 It is used to cut things. (主语是物)

　　be used to 译为“习惯于…”，后接动词ing或名词 / 代词. (主语常是人)

　　如：He’s used to working late. We are used to the country life. Are you used to it?

　　be used for “被用于…”，后接名词或动词ing (主语也是物) 如：

　　English is used for business. Knives are used for cutting things。

　　16. through / past / across 区别： 都可作介词，“穿过”，前常有位移动词(以下黑体部分)。

　　He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. (从窗户内部经过)

　　He went past me without saying any words. (从我旁边经过)

　　He swam across the river. (从河的表面经过)【through,内部； past,旁边； across,表面】

　　位移动词 + past 有时相当于动词pass; 位移动词 + across有时相当于动词cross。

　　17.the number of / a number of: 前者“…的数量”；后者“许多的”

　　都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。

　　The number of the trees is two thousand. (用单数谓语. 另注意trees前有限定词)

　　A number of trees have been cut down. (用复数谓语. 另注意trees前无限定词)

来源：北京中考[微博]网

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