高教自考英语二完整讲义：第一章精讲(二)

　　I.New Words

　　title分析：Secrets：秘密 success n. 成功 succeed v.

　　interview vt./n. 面谈，采访；面试，口试

　　criticism n. 批评；评论

　　candidate n. 候选人，候补者；应试者

　　vague a. 含糊的；不明确的

　　notion n. 概念；想法，看法

　　prospect n. 展望，景象；前景，前程

　　community n. 社区；共同体

　　unattractive a. 无吸引力的；不引人注意的

　　indifference n. 冷漠；不感兴趣

　　interviewer n. 接见者；面谈者

　　personality n. 个性；人格；品格

　　prospective a. 预期的；未来的

　　speechless a. 不会说话的；不说话的

　　clarification n. 澄清，阐明

　　correspondence n. 符合，一致；通信

　　photocopy vt./n. 复印，影印；照相复制本

　　resume n. 摘要，梗概；个人简历

　　inefficiency n. 无效；效能差

　　neat a. 整洁的；简洁的；整齐的

　　conservative a. 保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的

　　punk n. （俚）阿飞；朋克（70年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派）

 　a.颓废派的

　　miniskirt n. 超短裙

　　panel n. 专门小组

　　intimidate vt. 恐吓，恫吓

　　clutch vt./vi. 抓住，握紧

　　grip vt./n. 紧握，紧夹；掌握，控制

　　painful a. 痛苦的；费力的

　　rephrase vt. 重新措辞，改用别的话表示

　　词组：

　　to apply for 申请

　　day to day （=day-to-day） work 日常工作

　　to take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力

　　to put oneself in somebody's place 设身处地

　　to one's advantage 对某人有利

　　to ask for 请求，向…要；寻找

　　in hand 手头上有

　　to make sure 查明，弄确实；确信

　　at a disadvantage 处于不利地位

　　to turn down 拒绝；调小或调低；翻下

　　重点词汇词组讲解：

　　1.interview ： vt./n. 面谈，采访

　　派生词： interviewer（采访者） ， interviewee（被采访者） ， view （观点、见解）/风景）， interview（面试/采访）， preview（预习） ， review （复习）

　　2.Criticism ： n. 批评；评论

　　派生词：Criticize v. 批评；critical a. 挑剔的；批评的；关键的

　　3.prospect n. 展望，景象，前景

　　There's not much prospect that the war will be over soon. 这场战争很快结束的可能性不大。

　　4.indifference ： n.冷漠，不感兴趣

　　派生词：indifferent a. 冷漠的；不感兴趣的。

　　用法：indifference to 对…。 冷漠

　　5.inefficiency ： n. 无效，效能差

　　派生词：efficient a. 有效率的；efficiency n. 效率

　　6.neat a. 整洁的，简洁的，整齐的

　　You have got such neat handwriting . 你的书写真工整。

　　7.conservative a. 保存的，保守的，防腐的

　　I tend to be rather conservative in such matters . 我在这些事情方面向来比较保守。

　　8.grip v. 紧握，紧夹，掌握，控制

　　grip She gripped my hand in fear. 她因害怕紧抓住我的手。

　　相关的同义词：

　　seize He seized my hand ， shook it . 他抓住我的手，握着。（握手）

　　grab He grabbed the money and ran off . 他（急速）抓过钱就跑了。（逃之夭夭）

　　grasp Grasp the rope with both hands. 用双手抓牢绳索。

　　hold He was holding a knife in one hand. 他一只手抓着（握着）一把刀子。

　　catch The child caught a bird . 孩子捉了只鸟。

　　arrest The police arrested a criminal . 警察抓了个罪犯。

　　9.to apply for 申请

　　I decided to apply for it . 我决定去申请。

  　26.An organization is an ongoing entity， and a decision made today may have consequences far into the future.

　　an ongoing entity “一个发展中的实体，一个运作中的单位”
　　10.take the trouble to ： 不辞劳苦，

　　用法：take the trouble to

　　Some employees have never taken the trouble to find out the actual tasks they will be required to do.有些雇员从来不下工夫去弄清楚要求他们去从事的实际任务。

　　11.to turn down ： 拒绝

　　He asked Jane to marry him but she turned him down . 他要简嫁给他，但她拒绝了他。

　　相关词组：

　　turn up 出现； turn on 打开；turn off 拐弯，关上；turn out 结果是，最后证明是，制造；

　　II.课文解析

　　注：课文中「」内的句子为重点句。

　　The subject of today's talk is interviews.

　　「The key words here are preparation and confidence， which will carry you far.」

　　重点句子分析：which 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰preparation and confidence. 注意此处不可用that代替which

　　carry you far 意为“祝你成功”

　　Do your homework first.

　　「Find out all you can about the job you are applying for and the organization you hope to work for.」

　　重点句子分析：此句中有三个定语从句，（下边画线的）分别修饰all， the job 和 the organization .

　　注意后两句中的 for 不能省略

　　Many of the employers I interviewed made the same criticism of candidates. “They hare no idea what the day to day work of the job brings about. They have vague notions of 'furthering the company's prospects' or o f 'serving the community'， but have never taken the trouble to find out the actual tasks they will be required to do.”

　　Do not let this be said of you. It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job.

　　Take the time to put yourself into the interviewer's place. He wants somebody who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a real interest in the job.

　　「Anything that you find out about the prospective employer can be used to your advantage during the interview to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for.」

　　重点句子分析：that引导的定语从句修饰anything

　　who 引导的定语从句修饰 people.也可以写作for whom you hope to work

　　译为“你希望为其工作的人

　　to show 是不定式作目的状语，其中有一个that引导的宾语从句，作动词show的宾语

　　Write down （and remember） the questions you want to ask the interviewer（s） so that you are not speechless when they invite your questions. Make sure that holidays and pay are not the first things you ask about. If all your questions have been answered during the interview， reply： “In fact， I did have several questions， but you have already answered them all .”

　　「Do not be afraid to ask for clarification of something that has been said during the interview if you want to be sure what was implied. but do be polite.」

　　重点句子分析：be sure 肯定，确信

　　do be polite 是强调语气。例如：Do be careful！

　　Just before you go to the interview， look again at the original advertisement that you answered， any correspondence from your prospective employer， photocopies of your letter of application or application form and your resume.

　　Then you will remember what you said and what they want. This is very important if you have applied for many jobs in a short time as it is easy to become confused and give an impression of inefficiency.

　　Make sure you know where and when you have to report for the interview. Go to the building （but not inside the office） a day or two before， if necessary， to find out how long the journey takes and where exactly the place is.

　　Aim to arrive five or ten minutes early for the actual interview， then you will have a little time in hand and you will not panic of you are delayed. You start at a disadvantage if you arrive worried and ten minutes late.

　　「Dress in clean， neat， conservative clothes. Now is NOT the time to experiment with the punk look or （girl） to wear low-cut dresses with miniskirts.」Make sure that your shoes， hands and hair （and teeth） are clean and neat.

　　重点句子分析：Now 在句中做主语

　　the punk look 意为“朋克的样子”

　　「Have the letter inviting you for an interview ready to show in case there is any difficulty in communication.」

　　重点句子分析：这是个祈使句，inviting you for an interview 是现在分词作定语，修饰the letter

　　in case 引导条件状语从句， 译为：“以防万一，以免”

　　You may find yourself facing one interviewer or a panel. The latter is far more intimidating， but do not let it worry you too much.

　　The interviewer will probably have a table in front of him/her. Do not put your things or arms on it.

　　If you have a bag or a case， put it on the floor beside your chair. Do not clutch it nervously or， worse still， drop it， spilling everything.

　　Shake hands if the interviewer offers his hand first. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go though the process of all shaking hands with you in turn. So you do not be upset if no one offers.

　　Shake hands firmly　－ a weak hand suggests a weak personality， and a crushing grip is obviously painful. Do not drop the hand as soon as yours has touched it as this will seem to show you do not like the other person.

　　Speak politely and naturally even if you are feeling shy. Think before you answer any questions.

　　If you cannot understand ask： “Would you mind rephrasing the question， please？” The question will then be repeated in different words.

　　If you are not definitely accepted or turned down on the spot， ask： “when may I expect to hear the results of this interview？”

　　If you do receive a letter offering you the job， you must reply by letter （keep a photocopy） as soon as possible.

　　Good luck ！

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