高教自考英语二完整讲义：第六章精讲(三)

　　Ⅲ  补充语法：

　　不定式在句中的作用

　　不定式除了不可以作谓语之外，它可以担任句子的成分有：主语、表语、宾语、

　　定语、状语和补语。 常用来表示未来要做的事，以及愿望、打算、决心等

　　1.主语

　　To sum up experience is important.

　　It is important to sum up experience.（ it 为形式主语）

　　2.表语

　　Our aim （goal） is to pass the exam. Our objective is to master English.

　　master v. 掌握

　　n.主人

　　3.宾语

　　常用不定式作宾语的及物动词有：

　　want， like， wish， hate， hope， expect， manage， try， desire， intend，

　　prefer， mean， decide， promise， agree， disagree， refuse， choose，

　　long（渴望）， plan， offer， happen， fail， pretend， care， learn， continue

　　start， begin， forget，

　　例句：Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

　　（另外不定式还可以作一些形容词的宾语，如：able， unable， afraid ， willing， sure， free， please， sorry ， ready ， glad， eager）

　　4.定语

　　不定式作定语一定要放在所修饰的中心词之后。

　　（1）With the ability to “see”， robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.

　　（2）These future robots， assembled with a sense of touch and ability to see and make decisions， will have plenty of work to do.

　　（3）I have a few words to say.

　　5.状语

　　用于修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子，表示目的、结果、原因、程度等

　　结果状语

　　Atoms are too small to be seen.

　　…deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter.

　　目的状语

　　We should be quiet so as not to disturb others.

　　He sold newspapers in order to earn money for his family.

　　6.补语

　　不定式常用于下列单词后作补语：ask， enable， tell， force

　　He asks me to call him at 10 a.m.（不定式作宾语补语）

　　I am asked to call him at 10 a.m.（不定式作主语补语）

　　注意：I notice him leave the classroom.（宾语补语可省略不定式符号to）

　　He is noticed to leave the classroom.（主语补语不可省略不定式符号to）

　　表示感觉类的词，后面的宾语补语可以省略，但这类词所在的句子如果变为被动语态，

　　后面的“to”必须加上，即主语的补语，不能省略“to”。

　　不定式有三种时态，也有被动语态 （ 各举一例）

　　I am willing to do sth.

　　I am glad to be working with you.

　　I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

　　It is a pleasure for me to be invited.

　　Ⅳ  练习

　　一、单词、词组英译汉

　　efficiency increasingly install personnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective in that in question plenty of

　　二、汉译英

　　1.近几年，

　　In recent years， the use of robots is becoming increasingly wider and deeper.

　　Robots are used more and more widely and deeply in recent years.

　　Robots have been increasingly used wider and deeper in recent years.

　　2.新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。

　　The newly-developed robots have a sense of touch， are able to see objects， and can make decision as well.

　　3.机器人在汽车行业应用广泛。

　　Robots are employed widely in the automotive industry.

　　The use of robots in the automotive industry is prevalent.

　　4.感光材料、数字照相机都是照相器材。

　　Light-sensitive materials and digital cameras are all photographic equipment.

　　5.机器人与自动化机器有重大的区别。

　　There is a significant difference between robots and automatic machines.

　　There are major differences between robots and automatic machines.

　　历年考题：

　　1.Most today‘s robots are employed in the automotive industry， _____ they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting.（99.4）

　　A.as

　　B.which

　　C.when

　　D.where

　　答案：D

　　考点：where 引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotive industry.

　　2.Robots differ from automatic machines in _____ after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed to be another one. （00.4）

　　A.which

　　B.that

　　C.how

　　D.whether

　　答案：B

　　考点：in that 复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。

　　3.Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ______（see） in other industries as well.（00.4）（01.10）

　　答案：to be seen

　　考点：begin to do sth. 所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。

　　4.Anyone ______（want）to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.（00.10）（01.4）

　　答案：wanting

　　考点：现在分词短语作定语修饰anyone .

　　5.The nations that ______ actively _______（involve） in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， China， Russia， and the United States.

　　答案：are involved

　　考点：词组：be involved in sth.

　　6.汉译英：机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？（00.10）

　　答案： In what field will robots take over human tasks？

　　7.It is not yet known ______ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision .

　　A.whether

　　B.if

　　C.that

　　D.how

　　答案：A

　　考点：whether 引导的主语从句。

　　8.Robots， ______（become） increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world， are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

　　答案：becoming

　　考点：现在分词作状语。

　　Robots ， becoming ______（increase） prevalent in factories ， are programmed and engineered to do more jobs.

　　答案：increasingly

　　9.There networks are on the ______ for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.（01.10）

　　A.eagerness

　　B.alarm

　　C.alert

　　D.guard

　　答案：C

　　考点：Text B 中的短语 on the alert

　　10.汉译英：近年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。

　　In recent years， the application of computers is becoming wider and wider in all fields.

　　In recent years， computers are used more and more widely in all fields.

　　In recent years， computers have been increasingly used in all fields.

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