高教自考英语二完整讲义：第十章精讲(三)

　　语法　练习

　　补充语法知识：动名词的用法

　　动名词相当于名词，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语

　　一、作主语

　　Forgetting the past means betrayal.

　　There is no joking about such matters.

　　It is no use waiting here.

　　二、作宾语

　　1.作及物动词的宾语：一些及物动词后边要求跟动名词作宾语（参看上册P284）

　　例如：practice， enjoy， appreciate， suggest， excuse， pardon， avoid， postpone，

　　delay， mind， admit， risk， miss， deny， resist，

　　You should practice speaking the language every day.

　　2.作介词的宾语

　　例如： be used to， become used to， get used to， look forward to，

　　A minor-party or independent candidate can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but stands almost no chance of defeating them.

　　三、作表语

　　表示抽象事物和一般行为，即：将一个动作看成一个事物

　　例如： One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating.

　　My job is teaching.

　　（对比现在分词作表语，只起描述作用，相当于形容词，而且多数与心理状态有关。例如：

　　Interesting， exciting， surprising， understanding…）

　　四、作定语

　　表示被修饰的名词的功能、用途，放在所修饰的名词前

　　例如：drinking water， washing machine， running shoes， drawing paper， working method

　　（对比现在分词作定语，和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，例如：

　　singing girl， walking man， running water， sleeping child， working people

　　五、动名词复合结构

　　动名词前边也可以加上表示行为的主体，成为动名词的逻辑主语

　　例如： What is the use of my doing that？

　　Nothing can stop me trying again.

　　Do you mind John driving you home？

　　04年10月考题中，词形变化题

　　Either of these factors could account for some individuals being （be）able to do well using inefficient methods.

　　being 是动名词，some individuals是逻辑主语，using inefficient methods. 是状语

　　account for：解释…的原因，

　　这两种因素中哪一种都能解释某些人用效率不高的方法都能学得很好。

　　Unit 10　练习

　　一、词汇英译汉：

　　1.election 　2.vote　　　3.certainty　4.loyalty 　5.decline

　　6.democrat 　7.strategy　8.pursue 　　9.impact 　10.headquarters

　　11.economy　12.stir 　　13.congress 　14.representative

　　to identify…as impact on

　　二、句子英译汉：

　　1.Candidates try to project a strong leadership image. （para.4）

　　2.Whether voters accept this image， however， depends more on external factors than on a candidate‘s personal characteristics. （para. 4）

　　此句注意主语从句作主语。

　　3.A year later， with the nation‘s economy in trouble， Bush’s approval rating dropped below 40 percent.

　　4.Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.

　　5.Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992， compared with Bush‘s 38 percent and Perot’s 19 percent.

　　6.In deciding whether to pursue a course of action， they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.

　　7.Warren G. Harding accepted the 1920 Republican nomination at his Ohio home， stayed there throughout most of the campaign， and won a full victory simply because most of the voters of his time were Republicans.

　　8.“The Economy， Stupid.”The slogan was the idea of James Carville， Clinton‘s chief strategist， and was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation’s slow-moving economy， which ultimately was the issue that defeated Bush.

　　三、句子汉译英

　　1.在美国每四年举行一次总统大选。

　　The presidential election takes place every four years in the United States.

　　2.多数党被提名者得到的支持率往往高出少数党候选人。

　　A majority party nominee usually has the advantage of support over a minority party one.

　　A major-party nominee always gets higher approval rating than a minor-party nominee.

　　3.策略在总统竞选中起关键性的作用。

　　Strategies play a critical role in the election.

　　Strategy is critical in the presidential election.

　　4.为了争取选票，总统候选人特别关注那些重要的州。

　　To win the presidency， a candidate is particularly concerned with winning the states which are important.

　　In order to get the votes， presidential candidates are concerned with those important states.

　　5.美国有十几个政党，其中只有两个党是主要党。

　　There are about a dozen political parties in America， only two of which are major parties.

　　历年考题：

　　1.Victory in the eleven ______（large） states alone would provide an electoral majority. （99.10）

　　答案：largest.此题主要考查large 的最高级。

　　2.Even Democrat George McGovern， _____ had the lowest level of party support among recent

　　Nominees， was backed in 1972 by nearly 60 percent of his party‘s voters. （99.10）

　　A.who

　　B.whose

　　C.that

　　D.which

　　答案：A. who 引导的非限定性定语从句。

　　3.汉译英：这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素。（00.4）

　　答案：This depends on external factors rather than on a candidate‘s personal characteristics.

　　4.In 1991， after the Gulf War， Bush‘s approval rating reached 91 percent， the highest level recorded since polling ______（begin） in the 1930s. （00.10）

　　答案：began.此题考查过去时，因为有一个明显的过去时间状语“in the 1930s”。

　　5.Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to _____ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. （01.4）

　　A.make it possible

　　B.make possible

　　C.make possibly

　　D.make it possibly

　　答案：B.本题中make 的宾语太长，所以放到了宾补possible 的后面。“make … possible”

　　表示“使…成为可能”。

　　6.In deciding _____ a course of action， the candidate tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters. （02.4）

　　A.what to pursue

　　B.which to pursue

　　C.whether to pursue

　　D.if to pursue

　　答案：C.分析：所要填的空是deciding 的宾语。而pursue 后面的宾语是a course of action. 选项A “what to pursue”， what 是宾语。选项B 中，which 也是作主语或宾语。选项D. 语法结构不对，因此选C.

　　7.A major-party nominee has the critical advantage in the campaign for the presidential election _______ he has the support from the party faithful. （ 03 ，10 ）

　　A.in that

　　B.in which

　　C.for which

　　D.for that

　　答案：A “在于”（复合连词表示原因）

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