英语辅导报大学一年级版:状语从句简析 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/05/06 08:37 英语辅导报 |
当一个句子被用作状语时,叫做状语从句。状语从句可以用来修饰主句中的谓语、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句可以用来表示: 1.时间2.地点3.原因4.目的5.条件6.结果7.让步8.比较9.方式 下面我们就几种最常用的形式进行一些探讨。 l.时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用when,whenever,before,after,as,while,till, until,once,since,ever,as soon as等连词引导,例如: Whenever I met with difficulties,my friends came to help me.每当我碰到困难时,我的朋友们就来帮助我。 I saw him just as he was getting off the bus.正当他下公共汽车时,我看见了他。 While the teacher was explaining the text,the students listened attentively and took notes.老师讲解课文时,同学们注意地听并且做笔记。 She waited till(或until)her husband came back.她一直等到她的丈夫回来。 I have known him ever since he was a boy.从他还是个小孩时起我就认识他了。 注: when, whenever,,while, till, until,once引导的时间状语里的主语和谓语动词be有时可省略。例如: When(I was)a boy,I looked at such things differently.小时候我对这些事情的看法不同。 2.地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常是由where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere引导的,例如: Chongqing lies where the Changjiang River and the Jialing River meet.重庆位于长江和嘉陵江汇合处。 Wherever he went in West Germany,he was warmly welcomed.在西德,无论他走到哪里,都受到热烈的欢迎。 I will meet you anywhere you like.我愿意在你所喜欢的任何地方见你。 Everywhere they went,they were kindly received.他们所到之处都受到友好的接待。 注:where, wherever引导的地点状语里的主语和谓语动词be有时可省略,例如: We will help you wherever(it is)possible.无论哪方面有可能,我们都愿意帮助你。 3.原因状语从句 原因状语从句由because,since,as,for等引导。 since和as常常用于句子的开头,表示原因是对方所知道的。for用来对前面的句子进行解释,加以补充说明。请观察下列例句中它们的不同用法: As the weather was fine,we decided to go for a picnic.由于天气好,我们决定去野餐。 We must start early,for we have a long way to go.我们必须早点动身,我们要走远路。 注:在表示推断的理由时,不能用because,只能用for,例如: The oil must be out, for the light went out.油一定燃完了,因为灯熄了。(表推断的理由) 4.目的状语从句 目的状语从句常用that,so that,in order that,lest,in case,for fear that等来引导,例如: He works day and night so that(=in order that)he may get rich.为了发财,他日夜工作。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry.我得顺着她,免得她生气。 I got up early for fear that we would be late.我起得早,我怕我们要迟到了。 5.条件状语从句 条件状语从句有两种:真实条件句和非真实条件句(即虚拟条件句)。能引导真实条件句的有if,unless,so(as) long as,suppose(supposing),providing(provided)that,given(that),on condition that等。条件状语从句中通常用动词的一般现在时来代替将来时,主句通常用一般将来时或情态动词加动词原形。例如: You will fail unless you work harder.如果你不更努力地工作,你会失败的。 Suppose(Supposing,Suppose that或Supposing that)my passport has not come,what can I do?假使我的护照没有来的话,我该怎么办呢? 注:有时条件状语从句中可用一般过去时,主句根据意思的需要可用不同的形式,例如: If Miss Li said that,she must be a fool.如果李小姐那么说的话,她一定是个傻瓜。 If he broke his leg yesterday, he won't play again tomorrow.如果他昨天把腿弄断了的话,明天他肯定不打了。 (文/江洪英语辅导报大学一年级版03~04学年第31期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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