在个别学生的英语作文中,笔者发现如下句子: Every time when I made a mistake, I was punished. 很明显,他们要表达的意思是:每逢我犯错误时,我都会受到惩罚.正如把"为人民服务"表达为"serve for the people"一样,他们受汉语的影响,犯了画蛇添足的错误.

　　下面让我们来看一看every time的含义和用法.

　　一、作为副词短语,它用在词句后,以加强语气,有如下两个含义:

　　1. 意为"always, at all times每次,总是".例如:

　　It brews a perfect blend of coffee every time. 它总能煮出上好的咖啡.

　　2. 意为"without exception, without the slightest hesitation毫无例外地;毫不犹豫地;当然".例如:

　　-Will you do it for her?这事你肯替她做吗?

　　-Every time!当然!

　　二、作为连接词,像the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the year, next time等短语一样引导时间状语从句,意为"whenever每当,每逢".every time和一般现在时或过去时连用,强调经常性.例如:

　　1. Every time he bats an eyelid, every time his heart takes a pumping stroke, cells must provide energy. 每当他眨一眨眼睛,每当他的心脏跳动一下,细胞都必须提供能量.

　　2. Every time I catch a cold, I have a pain in my back. 每回感冒,我的背都痛.

　　3. Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick. 每次坐船旅行,我都晕船.

　　三、every time可与each time互换.不过,every time强调意味较强.例如:

　　1. Our football team wins every time. 我们的足球队总是踢赢.

　　We played with them twice and were defeated each time. 我们和他们赛了两场球,每次都输了.

　　2. Every time/ Each time I ask you to do something, you always say you're too busy. 每次我让你做点事,你都说你太忙.

　　3. Every time/ Each time my father comes to Beijing, he goes to visit the Monument to the People's Heroes with respect. 我父亲每次来北京,都要去敬谒人民英雄纪念碑.

　　4. A cold tremble came over him every time/ each time his eyes wandered in the direction of the dismal object. 每当他的目光转向那凄惨的一幕时,他都不由得打个冷战.

　　练习:从三个选项中选出可以替换"every time / each time"的一项.

　　1. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

　　A) Whenever B) The minute C) The moment

　　2. You can rely on him every time.

　　A) without doubt B) without exception

　　C) without the slightest hesitation

　　3. The piston completes a stroke each time it changes direction of motion.

　　A) as soon as B) the instant

　　C) every time (that)

　　4. Every time I come this way, I call on him.

　　A) Once B) At all times C) No matter when

　　5. Each time he comes to Beijing, he stays with us.

　　A) Time after time B) On whatever occasion

　　C) Without exception

　　6. He has heard the story often but he laughs every time.

　　A) whenever he hears it B) once in a while

　　C) time and again

　　7. The moon rotates once every time it revolves round the earth.

　　A) since B) so long as

　　C) each time (that)

　　答案: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C

　　(文/姜建华　英语辅导报大学一年级版03~04学年第34期;版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)