| 英语辅导报小学教师版:连词应注意的几个问题 |
| http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/07/19 14:13 英语辅导报 |
一、连词的多义性 有的连词具有几个不同的意思及用法,译成汉语时要根据其句中的具体作用来进行分析。例如: while用来连接时间状语从句时,意为"当……时",与when和as近义;while还可用作并列连词表示转折关系,意为"然而,而",这时它一般位于两句之间;while还可连接让步状语从句,意为"虽然",一般位于句首。例如: He fell asleep while he was studying his grammar book. 他在阅读语法书的时候睡着了。 Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in yellow. 珍穿褐色衣服,玛丽却是穿黄色衣服。 While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 虽然我承认这些问题很困难,但我并不同意它们无法解决。 if常用来连接条件状语从句,意为"如果,假如",它所连接的从句大都位于主句之前;if也可用来连接宾语从句,意为"是否,究竟",这时,它常用在ask, see, find, try, learn, know等动词后,与whether同义,一般可以互换。例如: If you ask her, she will help you. 如果你向她请求,她会帮助你。 He asked if the test of the new machine had began. 他问起新机器的测试是否已经开始。 since可以连接原因状语从句,所表示的"原因"语气比because 弱些。这种原因状语从句一般位于主句之前;since还可连接时间状语从句,强调"从……时以来,一直……",主句常用现在完成时态,从句常用一般过去时态。例如: Since Jim can't answer the question, you'd better ask someone else. 既然吉姆回答不了这个问题,你最好问别的人吧。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次和你见面以后你到哪里去了? 二、由两部分组成的连词 有些连词是由两部分组成,这两部分不在一起。例如: both...and...是表示同等关系的并列连词,一般用来连接两种同类型的事物,强调"两者都……"。例如: Both the wheat and the barley will be shipped tomorrow. 小麦和大麦明天都要装船运走。 either...or...(或者……或者……,不是……就是……)是表示选择关系的并列连词,表示"二者必居其一"。用either...or...来连接两个作主语的名词时,谓语动词要与后一个名词一致。例如: Either I or he is to go to the power station. 不是我就是他要去发电站。 neither...nor...是表示同等、并列关系的并列连词,其意义与both...and...相反,对所连接的两个事物都加以否定。用neither...nor...表连接两个作主语的名词时,谓语动词要与后一个名词一致。例如: Neither you nor she has ever seen the computer. 你和她都没有见过电脑。 not only...but also...(不但……而且……)是并列连词,一般用来连接两种同类型的事物,强调重点在后一个事物。用not only...but also...来连接两个作主语的名词时,谓语动词要与后一个名词一致。例如: Not only all the students but also the teacher is doing the experiment in the lab. 不仅是所有学生,而且教师也正在实验室做试验。 so...that... (如此……以致……)和such...that...(这样……以致……)这两个连词都是连接结果状语从句的,它们所表达的意思相近,其区别是so一般与形容词或副词连用,而such则一般与名词连用。例如: Light travels so fast that it is very difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光传播得这样快,以致我们难以想象它的速度。 These are such small shoes that I can't wear them. 这些鞋都太小,我穿不上。 三、一些起连词作用的词及词组 英语中除连词外,还有一些其他种类的词或词组可以起与连词类似的作用。 关系代词who, which, that和关系副词when, where, why等可用来连接定语从句。例如: Most of the heat energy which we get comes from the sun.我们所得到的大部分热能来源于太阳。 A person who makes steel is a steel maker. 炼钢的人叫炼钢工人。 The time when China had to live on " foreign oil" is gone forever. 中国不得不用"洋油"的时代已一去不复返了。 This is the lab where they do their experiments. 这是他们做实验的实验室。 I don't know the reason why she was late for class. 我不知道她上课迟到的原因。 另外还有一些副词或短语也可使前后句的意思更为连贯,起到一定的连词作用。如moreover(况且),as a result(结果,因此), on the other hand(另一方面),therefore(因此), in addition(此外,加之), thus(这样,因而), nevertheless(但是,然而)等。例如: There seemed no chance of coming to an agreement, therefore it was decided to break off negotiations. 似乎已没有达成协议的可能,因此决定中止谈判。 The plan had certain weaknesses, nevertheless we decided to adopt it. 这个计划有某些缺点,不过我们还是决定采纳。 The engine operates the moment the button is pressed. 一按启动按钮,发动机便开始运转。 (文/陆卫东;英语辅导报小学教师版03~04学年第44期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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