新浪教育_新浪网

unit 13 Healthy eating

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/11 10:49 新浪教育

　　语法分析

　　语法分析的目的是掌握句子结构，从而更好地理解句子。如：

　　Decisionthinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.

　　本句中有6个think，尤其是what you think they think you think，令人眼花缭乱。但稍作语法分析，我们就可以看出what you think they think you think其实就是宾语从句中套宾语从句，也就不难看出其意思是“你以为别人认为你在想什么”。所以，只要我们确定了句子的语法组成部分以及各个部分在语法上的相互之间的关系，就能正确地理解长句难句了。

　　值得注意的是，语法分析也要结合上下文来进行，只要达到了理解的目的，我们就不必再作过细的分析了。

　　Passage A

　　阅读理解

　　If a man has a good appetite, which is a desire for food, it is thought that he is in good health. When we hear a boy say “I am as hungry as a bear”, we are quite sure that he is well. It is a good thing to feel hungry.

　　In fact, that is the way in which the body rings the bell to tell us that it needs refueling.

　　If a boy does not eat, he will grow thinner and weaker every day until he is not able even to walk and at last he will stop living completely. That is what happens when people starve (饿) to death.

　　You should know the following things about eating.

　　One of them is that you should eat enough leafy vegetables① and some fruit every day and drink four glasses of water between meals during the day. Next, eat three times a day at the same time if you are well. Do not eat between meals. And eat slowly and chew (嚼) the food until it is soft. Do not drink during the chewing.

　　If you want to be healthy, chew slowly and carefully and stop eating when youre not feeling hungry.② Do not eat too much. It is also very important to us.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. If a person is healthy, he is sure to____ .

　　A. grow thinnerB. ring the bell

　　C. eat a lot D. feel hungry

　　2. A sick man will ____ every day if he is unable to eat anything.

　　A. get worse B. feel better

　　C. grow strongerD. starve to death

　　3. Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage？

　　A. The healthier one is, the better his appetite is.

　　B. Feeling hungry means that the body needs food.

　　C. If one does not eat during the day, he will stop living completely.

　　D. A person should stop eating when he feels full.

　　难句注释

　　① One of them is that you should eat enough leafy vegetables...

　　其中之一是你应该多吃有叶子的蔬菜…… 这里that 引导的是表语从句。

　　Total words:215

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　②...eat until you are about to stop feeling hungry. 吃东西直到你不感到饿为止。be about to 意思是“就要，即将”。

　　Passage B

　　阅读理解

　　If you go to Juliano's restaurant in San Francisco, you can't get a cup of coffee or a hot cheese sandwich. All the food in the restaurant is raw (生的), including the pizza and the rice.

　　Juliano thinks that cooked food makes us sick. “Food is alive,① like you and me. When you cook food, you take away some of the vitamins.” he says. Juliano never eats food that is over 50℃. His restaurant doesn't have a stove (火炉) or a microwave (微波炉). But he has lots of clever ideas for making raw food taste great. Instead of heat, Juliano uses water to prepare food. He puts foods in water to make them soft. For example, he places beans in water for a few days, and rice in water for two to four weeks.

　　Everything at the restaurant is cold, but the pizza and rice taste good. So do the fruit and vegetable juices, made from foods like carrots, apples and oranges. Juliano's restaurant doesn't serve meat,② but some people who eat raw food also eat raw meat. Juliano has three friends who ate raw meat. They all got very sick. One of them is still sick.

　　Juliano eats mostly fruits and vegetables, nuts, rice, and beans. He says he feels very healthy. “Raw food gives you lots of energy.” he says. Juliano says he needs only six hours of sleep a night, and he never gets sick.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. What is the article mainly about?

　　A. A man who only eats raw food.

　　B. Juliano's restaurant and his diet.

　　C. Raw food makes one healthy.

　　D. How to make raw food taste good.

　　2. How can the food in Juliano's restaurant be prepared?

　　A. Put foods into hot water to make them soft.

　　B. Place foods into water for some time to make them soft.

　　C. Heat them on a stove to a certain degree.

　　D. Boil them in water.

　　3. What CANT we find in Juliano's restaurant?

　　A. carrot juice B. cold pizza

　　C. raw rice D. hot meat

　　难句注释

　　①Food is alive.

　　食物是有生命的。

　　Total words:241

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　② Julianos restaurant doesnt serve meat.

　　Juliano的饭店不提供肉食。

　　这里serve是“提供餐食；上(饭、菜)”的意思(to give someone food or drink as part of a meal)。

　　Passage C

　　阅读理解

　　Water is necessary for life and good health. We often forget this fact when we think about the other building blocks of life such as vitamins, minerals and proteins.① We can live for many days without eating, but two or three days without water usually leads to death.

　　The human body may look solid, but most of it is water. Newborn babies are as much as 85% water. Women are about 65% water and men are about 75% water. Women usually have less water than men because women generally have more fat cells (细胞), which hold less water than other kinds of cells.②

　　Water does many different things to keep us healthy. It carries hormones (激素), antibodies (抗体) and foods through the body, and carries away waste materials. This is why different parts of the body contain different amounts of water. For example, blood is 83% water, muscles are 75% water, the brain is 74%, and bones are 25%.

　　Water is necessary for cooling the body on hot days and when we are working hard or exercising, water carries body heat to the surface of the skin, where the heat is lost through sweat (汗水).

　　Researchers say cold liquids cool us faster than warm liquids, because cold liquids take up more heat inside the body and carry it away faster. They say, however, the cold sweet drinks do not work well because the sugar slows the liquid from getting into the bloodstream.

　　Researchers also note that fat cells stop body heat from escaping quickly. Fat cells under the skin act like warm clothing to keep heat inside. This is why overweight people have a more difficult time staying cool than thin people.

　　The body loses water every day through sweat and urine(尿). Losing too much, we will become sick.③ A 10% drop in body water can cause the blood system to fail. A 15% drop usually leads to death. To replace what is lost, health experts say grown persons should drink about 2 liters of water each day, and more in hot weather. We can also get some of the water we need in the foods we eat. Most fruits and vegetables are more than 80% water. Water may be one of the simplest of all chemical substances (物质), but it is the most important substance that we put into our bodies.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. Water is important to the human body because____ .

　　A. it can help cool the body on hot days

　　B. the body loses water daily by sweat and urine

　　C. the human body is mainly made up of water

　　D. the foods we eat mostly contain water

　　2. Men usually have more water than women because ____.

　　A. women have more fat cells

　　B. men usually lose more water through sweat and urine

　　C. women's bodies contain more vitamins, minerals and proteins

　　D. men have more fat cells

　　3. Water does the following things to keep us healthy except that____ .

　　A. it can carry away waste materials

　　B. it can help to cool the body on hot days

　　C. it helps produce blood in the body

　　D. it provides us with proteins

　　4. What would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Water and Fat Cells B. Cold and Warm Liquids

　　C. Water and Health D. Water and Humans

　　难句注释

　　① ...the other building blocks of life such as vitamins, minerals and protein.

　　其他生命元素，比如维生素、矿物质和蛋白质。

　　Total words:393

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　② ...women generally have more fat cells(细胞), which hold less water than other kinds of cells. 女子通常比男子有更多的脂肪细胞,而脂肪细胞比其他类型的细胞吸收的水要少。

　　③ Losing too much, we will become sick.

　　如果失去太多的水，我们就会生病。

　　这里losing too much 是动词的ing形式，做条件状语，相当与if we lose too much。

　　Passage D

　　完形填空

　　Most healthy children are ready to eat almost anything offered to them.①A child doesnt often dislike food 1 it is badly cooked. The 2 a meal is cooked and served is most important and 3 served meals will often improve a childs appetite (食欲). Never ask a child 4 he likes or dislikes a food and never 5 likes or dislikes before him or allow 6 else to do so. If the father says he hates meat or the mother refuses vegetables in the childs hearing,② he is 7 to copy their words. It is important for parents to teach a child to like 8 and he probably 9 . Nothing healthful should be left out from the meal because of a 10 dislike. At meal times it is a good 11 to give a child a small 12 and let him 13 back for a second helping rather than give him too 14 . Do not talk too much to the child 15 meal time, but let him get on with his food, and do not 16 him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will 17 learn to swallow his food 18 he can hurry back to his toys. On 19 conditions must a child be coaxed(哄骗) 20 forced to eat.③

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. ifB. untilC. thatD. unless

　　2. A. means B. road C. way D. method

　　3. A. anxiously B. interestingly C. carefully D. easily

　　4. A. whether B. what C. that D. which

　　5. A. say B. tell C. discuss D. speak

　　6. A. everybody B. anybody C. somebodyD. nobody

　　7. A. probable B. possible C. likely D. lovely

　　8. A. something B. nothing C. things D. everything

　　9. A. shouldB. may C. will D. must

　　10. A. supposed B. proved C. thought D. wanted

　　11. A. point B. custom C. idea D. plan

　　12. A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. share

　　13. A. ask B. come C. return D. take

　　14. A. muchB. little C. few D. many

　　15. A. on B. over C. by D. during

　　16. A. agreeB. allow C. make D. advise

　　17. A. slow B. soon C. quick D. early

　　18. A. so that B. until C. before D. though

　　19. A. some B. any C. such D. no

　　20. A. or B. nor C. but D. neither

　　难句注释

　　① anything offered to them 所提供给他们的任何食物。

　　offered to them 是动词的ed形式，作定语用。

　　② say sth. in the childs hearing 在小孩可能听到的范围内谈论……

　　③ On no conditions must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.

　　无论在什么情况下都不可哄骗或强迫孩子吃东西。这是倒装句。

　　Passage A

　　本文作者首先提出了好胃口是身体健康的表现这一观点，然后就日常饮食提出了一些他个人的看法与建议。

　　1. D.从文章第一段可得出正确答案。

　　2. A. 从第三段第一句话until从句可得出本答案。

　　3. C. 该答案偷换了概念，将every day变成了during the day。

　　Passage B

　　本文介绍了美国旧金山一个叫Juliano的人开设了一家餐厅，提倡人们食用生的食品。

　　1. B. 文章主要介绍了Juliano餐厅的特点和他的办店理念。

　　2. B. 文章第二段介绍了生食制作方法。

　　3. D.第三段提到“Julianos restaurant doesnt serve meat”。

　　Passage C

　　本文向我们介绍了水对人类的健康所起的重要作用。

　　1. C. 从第二段第一句可以得出答案。

　　2. A. 从第二段最后一句话可以得到此答案。

　　3. D. 文章中没有说到水可以提供蛋白质。

　　4. C. 从该文章的第一句话“Water is necessary for life and good health.”可以得出答案。

　　Passage D

　　大部分孩子总是愿意有什么吃什么，他们之所以有偏食的习惯都因为他们的父母在他们面前说了些不该说的话，这是个值得思考的问题。

　　1. D. 除非食物烹调得很差。

　　2. C. a meal is cooked or served 是修饰the way的定语从句。

　　3. B. 强调饭菜要有吸引力。

　　4. A. 不要问孩子喜欢还是不喜欢什么食物。

　　5. C. 不要在孩子面前讨论喜欢什么不喜欢什么。

　　6. B. 不允许任何人这样做。

　　7. C. likely主语可以是人，而possible，probable 的主语通常是it。

　　8. D. 要教育小孩喜欢一切食物。

　　9. C. 你这样教育了，他很可能就会喜欢一切食物。will表示意愿。

　　10. A. supposed意思是“假定的”，在这里用作定语。

　　11. C. It is a good idea to...常用来表示建议。

　　12. D. 这里share 是名词“一份”的意思。

　　13. B. “let him come back for a second helping” 让他自己动手再去取一份。

　　14. A. 与12格前的small遥相呼应。

　　15. D. 在吃饭时用during meal time。

　　16. B. 不允许他离开桌子。英语中不可说“agree sb. to do sth.”。

　　17. B. 否则他会很快养成吞食的不良习惯。

　　18. A. so that 表示目的。

　　19. D. on no conditions 是固定搭配，意为“决不”。

　　20. A. 既不能哄骗也不能强迫他吃。否定句中常用or表示“和”。

　　1. If a man has a good appetite, which is a desire for food, it is thought that he is in good health. 如果一个人胃口好，人们就认为他身体健康。(Line 1, Passage A)

　　It is thought that...“人们认为……”这里的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。这种结构已经成为一种固定句型，类似的还有：

　　It is said that...据说……

　　It is reported that...据报导……

　　It is well known that...众所周知……

　　It is announced that...据宣布……

　　It is believed that...人们相信……

　　2. On no conditions must a child be coaxed or forced to eat. 无论在什么情况下都不可哄骗或强迫孩子吃东西。(Last line, Passage D)

　　含有否定意义的副词或连词(如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等)放在句首时，句子必须使用倒装形式。又如：

　　Never before have I seen him. 我以前没见过他。

　　Not a single word did he say at the meeting. 他在会上一句话也没说。

　　In no way shall we believe her. She is always lying. 我们决不相信她，她老是说谎。

　　By no means shall I give up. 我决不放弃。

【评论】

【英语学习论坛】【大中小】【打印】【关闭】